关键词: 有机肥, 棉花, 土壤酶, 土壤微生物

Abstract: Park green spaces are important habitats for birds in city. However, the effects of their surrounding environment on diversity and distribution of birds are not clear. In this study, the variations of avian diversity along urbanization gradient were investigated in 30 parks with similar acreage in Shanghai, by quantifying urbanization degree of the surrounding area of each park. The avian species groups were classified based on their distribution along urbanization gradients by indicator species analysis. The results showed that species richness, Shannon index and Pielou index of birds decreased with urbanization degree, with which richness and Shannon index significantly negatively correlated with the four selected variables indicating urbanization degree. The bird species in parks could be categorized into five groups, including urban dependent, urban adaptor, suburban adaptor, urban avoider and seasonal urban-rural migrant. Out of the 30 common species, seven and 15 species are suburban adaptor and urban avoider, respectively, indicating few species can adapt to urban environment and most of them occur in rural area to avoid urban environment. The ecological characteristic of birds responding to urbanization determines the avian biodiversity pattern along urbanization gradient.

Key words: cotton, soil enzyme, organic fertilizer, soil microorganism