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越冬水鸟对升金湖周边间歇性湿地氮磷的影响

葛方,黄涛*,张明真,王小芳,许子夫,于超   

  1. (安徽大学资源与环境工程学院, 合肥 230601)
  • 出版日期:2018-12-10 发布日期:2018-12-10

Impacts of wintering water birds on the input of nitrogen and phosphorus in intermittent wetlands along Shengjin Lake.

GE Fang, HUANG Tao*, ZHANG Ming-hen, WANG Xiao-ang, XU Zi-u, YU Chao   

  1. (School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China).
  • Online:2018-12-10 Published:2018-12-10

摘要: 近年来,由于升金湖湖区食物资源的匮乏,一些在此越冬的水鸟会到周边间歇性浅水农田、草滩去摄食和栖息。为了解水鸟活动对这类湿地环境N、P营养盐的影响,本文以安徽升金湖小鹭咀以西3块有小天鹅和豆雁活动的浅水农田、草滩为对象,于2016—2017年水鸟越冬季早、中、晚期分别采集表层水样并分析其中的N、P营养盐浓度变化,结合鸟粪中N、P含量及鸟类数量观测结果,研究了小天鹅和豆雁活动对间歇性湿地营养盐的影响。结果表明:整个研究时间段内草滩水体TN和TP浓度最高,且均显著高于对照(沟渠,其水源与农田和草滩一致),表明受豆雁活动影响强烈;早期农田1水体TN和TP浓度均显著高于对照,表明受小天鹅活动影响强烈,其余月份与对照则差异不明显;农田2水体TN和TP浓度与对照无显著差异,表明受小天鹅活动影响不明显;N、P其他形态含量与对照之间呈现不同的规律,反映了它们受到水鸟活动强度变化和鸟粪分解等多重影响。本研究表明,越冬水鸟的栖息、摄食活动对升金湖小鹭咀周边浅水湿地中的N、P营养盐产生了不同程度的影响。

关键词: 资源分配, 水稻-小麦两熟种植, 产量, 资源利用效率

Abstract: Due to the food shortage in Shengjin Lake, many wintering water birds would forage the adjacent intermittent wetland, such as paddy and water meadow. In order to understand the impacts of wintering water bird populations on the nutrient input to these intermittent wetlands, two paddies and one water meadow inhabited by wintering tundra swan and bean geese at the west Xiaolu mouth along Shengjin Lake were selected as our study object, with ditches as control (with same water source as paddy and water meadow). During the early, middle and late wintering season of 2016-2017, surface water samples and guanos from these wetlands were collected and analyzed for the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus. Meanwhile, the water bird populations were also monitored. The concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in waters from water meadow were significantly higher than those in the control, indicating intense impacts from bean geese populations. In early wintering season, the concentrations of TN and TP in waters from paddy 1 were significantly higher than those in the control, indicating intense impacts from tundra swan populations. In the middle and late wintering season, the concentrations of TN and TP in waters from paddy 1 and paddy 2 showed insignificant differences compared to the control, indicating weak impacts from water birds. Other forms of nitrogen and phosphorus in wetland water samples showed different variations, due to multiple influences such as water bird activities and guano decomposition. Our results indicate that nitrogen and phosphorus status in the intermittent shallow wetlands suffer different impacts from the habitation and feeding of wintering water birds.

Key words: yield, rice-wheat double cropping, resource distribution, resource utilization efficiency