榕树在西双版纳热带雨林生态系统中的作用

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 榕树是西双版纳热带雨林中的关键植物类群之一 ,能够为多种生物提供栖息地和食物 ,从而维持该地区热带雨林生态系统的物种多样性。一些种类的榕树有绞杀特性 ,在森林更新演替中能够起到积极的作用 ;还有些种类的榕树是先锋物种 ,在植被恢复中起重要作用。但是 ,近些年对西双版纳的过度开发已经使热带雨林片断化 ,榕树种群数量大量减少 ,榕果内的寄生蜂、食榕果动物也受到了不同程度的影响。保护好西双版纳热带雨林中关键植物类群榕树 ,是保护和恢复热带雨林生态系统的重要措施之一。

关键词: 秦岭林区, 华山松, 群落特征, 区系成分, 外貌特征, 空间结构

Abstract: Figs are one of the key species in the tropical rainforest of Xishuangbanna.Through offering habitats and foods to all kinds of animals,plants and microorganisms,they help to maintain the biodiversity in the tropical rainforest ecosystem.Some species of figs are stangler plants which play important roles in the succession and renovation of forests.Some of the species are pioneers which can accelerate the progress of vegetation restoration.The protection of Ficus species in the rainforest of Xishuangbanna is a critical step in maintaining the structure and function of the rainforest ecosystem.However,the overexploitation has made the tropical rainforest fragmented and resulted in significant decrease in fig population sizes and the quantity variation in species and populations of fig wasps and frugivores which feed on figs.Only the colony of Ficus was conserved,which is one of the important measures,could the whole ecosystem of the tropical rainforest be rehabilitated.

Key words: Qinling Moutains, Pinus armandi, Community characteristics, Phytogeographial elements, Physiognomic characteristics, Spatial distribution pattern

中图分类号:

Q948

魏作东, 杨大荣, 彭艳琼, 徐磊. 榕树在西双版纳热带雨林生态系统中的作用[J]. 生态学杂志, 2005, (3): 233-237.

WEI Zuodong, YANG Darong, PENG Yanqiong, XU Lei. Function of Ficus in tropical rainforest ecosystem in Xishuangbanna[J]. cje, 2005, (3): 233-237.

参考文献

[1] 马炜梁,陈勇,李宏庆.1997.榕树及其传粉者研究综述[J]. 生态学报,17:209～215.
[2] 王秋艳,杨大荣,彭艳琼.2003.西双版纳鸡嗉果榕小蜂繁殖和传粉行为[J].昆虫学报,46(1):27～34.
[3] 朱华,王洪,许再富,等.1996.西双版纳热带雨林的榕树种类及其生物学2生态学特征研究[J].热带植物研究,37:7～ 13.
[4] 朱华,许再富,王洪,等.1997.西双版纳傣族“龙山”片断热带雨林植物多样性变化研究[J].广西植物,17(3):213～ 219.
[5] 许再富.1994.榕树——滇南热带雨林生态系统一类关键植物[J].生物多样性,2(1):21～23.
[6] 许再富.1994.滇南片断热带雨林植物物种多样性变化趋势[J].植物资源与环境,3(2):9～15.
[7] 许再富,朱华,杨大荣,等.1996.滇南热带雨林榕树类群多样性及生态学意义[A].热带植物研究论文报告集[C].第4 集.昆明:云南大学出版社,1～15.
[8] 吴征镒.1995.云南植物志[M].第6卷.北京:科学出版社, 595～671.
[9] 张光明,杨大荣,王瑞武,等.2003.聚果榕小蜂繁殖性雌蜂的时空分布格局[J].昆虫知识,40(3):251～254.
[10] 张光明,杨大荣,徐磊,等.2003.西双版纳聚果榕榕果小蜂种间联结性研究[J].生态学杂志,22(4):20～26.
[11] 张智英,曹敏,杨效东,等.2000.西双版纳片断季节性雨林蚂蚁物种多样性研究[J].动物学研究,21(1):70～75.
[12] 李廷辉.1996.西双版纳高等植物名录[M].第2版.昆明:云南民族出版社,276～284.
[13] 李宝贵,王洪,朱华,等.1997.西双版纳榕树上的附生蕨类植物[J].热带植物研究,41:8～15.
[14] 杨大荣,李朝达,杨兵.1997.西双版纳热带雨林中榕树动物群落结构与多样性研究[J].动物学研究,18(2):189～196.
[15] 杨大荣,李朝达,韩灯保,等.1999.热带雨林片断化对榕小蜂和榕树物种数的影响[J].动物学研究,19(2):126～130.
[16] 杨大荣,赵庭周,王瑞武,等.2001.西双版纳热带雨林聚果榕小蜂的传粉生态学[J].动物学研究,22(2):89～92.
[17] 杨大荣,彭艳琼,王秋艳,等.2003.热带雨林三种榕树隐头果昆虫群落结构与功能群生态特性[J].生态学报,23(9):1798 ～1806.
[18] 杨大荣,彭艳琼,张光明,等.2002.西双版纳热带雨林榕树种群变化与环境的关系[J].环境科学,23(5):29～35.
[19] 杨大荣,彭艳琼,张光明,等.2003.西双版纳热带雨林聚果榕隐头果的昆虫群落结构与多样性[J].应用生态学报,14(10): 1591～1596.
[20] 杨大荣.1999.我国对榕小蜂和榕树协同进化研究的进展.资源昆虫学研究进展[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,22～29.
[21] 谷海燕,杨大荣.2003.高榕小蜂群落结构及物种多样性的初步研究[J].生物多样性,11(3):188～196.
[22] 谷海燕,杨大荣,张光明,等.2003.高榕隐头果内寄生蜂种类及生态学特征初步观察[J].生态学杂志,22(2):70～73.
[23] 陈勇,李宏庆,马炜良.2001.雀榕及其传粉昆虫传粉生态研究[J].生态学报,21:1569～1574.
[24] 赵庭周,杨大荣,许继宏.2001.榕树在西双版纳热带雨林中的地位和综合利用价值[J].林业科学研究,14(4):441～445.
[25] 徐磊,杨大荣,彭艳琼,等.2003.西双版纳聚果榕隐头果内小蜂群落结构及种间关系[J].生态学报,23(8):1555～161.
[26] 徐正会,胡刚,于新文.1999.西双版纳热带雨林蚂蚁群落生物量和生态功能研究[J].动物学研究,20(6):441～445.
[27] 彭艳琼,杨大荣,苏绍菊.2002.木瓜榕和对叶榕上昆虫群落结构[J].林业科学研究,15(2):136～142.
[28] 彭艳琼,杨大荣,周芳,等.2003.木瓜榕传粉生物学[J].植物生态学报,27(1):111～117.
[29] Berg CC.1989.Classification and distribution of Ficus[J].Ex2 perientia,45:605～611.
[30] Bronstein JL,Mckey D.1989.The fig/pollinator mutualism:A model system for comparative biology[J].Ex perientia,45:601 ～604.
[31] Compton SG,McCormack G.1999.The Pacific Banyan in t he Cook Islands:Have its pollination and seed dispersal mutualisms been disrupted,and does it matter?[J].Biodiv.Cons.,8:1707 ～1715.
[32] Cook J M,Rasplus J Y.2003.Mutualists wit h attitude:Coevolv2 ing fig wasps and figs[J].T rends Ecol Evol.,18:241～248.
[33] Frank SA.1989.Ecological and evolutionary dynamics of fig commu2 nities[J].Experientia,45:674～680.
[34] Galil J,Zeroni M,Shalom DB.1973.Carbon dioxide and et hylene effects in coordination between t he pollinator Blastophaga quadraticeps and t he syconium in Ficus religiosa[J].New Phy 2 tol.,72:1113～1127.
[35] Herre EA.1989.Coevolution of reproductive characteristic in 12 species of New World figs and t heir pollinator wasps[J].Ex peri2 entia,45:637～646.
[36] Herre EA.1999.The evolution of mutualisms:Exploring the paths between conflict and cooperation[J].Trends Ecol Evol,14:49～53.
[37] James MC,Rasplus J Y.2003.Mutualists wit h attitude:Coevolv ing fig wasps and figs[J].T rends Ecol Evol.,18(5):241～248.
[38] Janzen DH.1979.How to be a fig[J].A nn.Rev.Ecol.S yst., 10:13～51.
[39] Jousselin E,Rasplus J Y,Kjellberg F.2001.Shift to mutualism in parasitic of t he fig/fig wasp interaction[J].Oikos,94:287～ 294.
[40] Kerdelhue C,Rossi J P,Rusplus J Y.2000.Comparative commu2 nity ecology studies on old world figs and fig wasps[J].Ecology, 81:2832～2849.
[41] Kjellberg F,Jousselin E,Bronstein JL,et al.2001.Pollination mode in fig wasps:The predictive power of correlated traits[J]. Proc.R.Soc.L ong.B.,268:1113～1121.
[42] Klein BC.1989.Effects of forest fragmentation on dung and car2 rion beetle communities in central Amazonica[J].Ecology,70: 1715～1725.
[43] Korine C,Kalko EKV,Herre EA.2000.Fruit characteristics and factors affecting fruit removal in a Panamanian community of strangler figs[J].Oecologia,23:560～568.
[44] Laurance WF.1994.Rainforest fragmentation and t he structure of small mammal communities in tropical Queensland[J].Biol. Conser.,69:23～32.
[45] Mckey D.1989.Population biology of figs:Application for con2 servation[J].Ex perientia,45:661～673.
[46] O’Brien T G,Kinnaird MF,Dierenfeld NL,et al.1998.What’s so special about figs?[J].N at ure,392:668.
[47] Shanahan M,Compton SG,Corlett R.2001.Fig2eating by verte2 brate frugivores:A global review[J].Biol.Rev.,76:529～ 572.
[48] Song QS,Yang DR,Zhang GM,et al.2001.Volatiles from Fi2 cus hispi da and t heir attractiveness to fig wasps[J].J.Chem. Ecol.,27(10):1929～1942.
[49] Turner IM.1996.Species loss in fragments of tropical rainforest: A review of t he evidence[J].J.A ppl.Ecol.,33:200～209.
[50] Weiblen GD.2002.How to be a fig wasp[J].A nn.Rev.Ent., 47:299～330.
[51] Yang DR,Peng YQ,Song QS,et al.2002.Pollination biology of Ficus hispi da in t he tropical rainforests of Xishuangbnna,China[J].Acta Bot.S i n.,44(5):519～526.