植物群落和土壤特征对青海湖流域高寒草原退化梯度的响应

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202604.028

生态学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 1189-1201.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202604.028

植物群落和土壤特征对青海湖流域高寒草原退化梯度的响应

王小赟¹,肖元明^2*,王雯莹³,徐嘉昕³,杨莹³,赵殿智⁴,周国英^2*

(¹青海大学畜牧兽医科学院，西宁 810016； ²中国科学院西北高原生物研究所，西宁 810008； ³青海大学农牧学院，西宁 810016； ⁴青海省刚察县草原站，青海海北藏族自治州 812300)

出版日期:2026-04-10 发布日期:2026-04-10

Responses of plant communities and soil properties to the degradation of alpine steppe in the Qinghai Lake Basin.

WANG Xiaoyun¹, XIAO Yuanming^2*, WANG Wenying³, XU Jiaxin³, YANG Ying³, ZHAO Dianzhi⁴, ZHOU Guoying^2*

(¹Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; ²Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China; ³College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; ⁴Gangcha County Grassland Station of Qinghai, Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture 812300, Qinghai, China).

Online:2026-04-10 Published:2026-04-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 高寒草地退化威胁着青藏高原生态和环境安全，充分认识高寒草地退化过程中植被和土壤特征变化是生态修复的关键。本研究以青海湖流域高寒草原为对象，采用空间代替时间的方法，选择未退化、轻度退化、中度退化和重度退化4个退化程度草地，探讨不同退化程度高寒草原植物群落组成、生物量、物种多样性和土壤因子变化及其关系。结果表明，随着高寒草原退化程度加剧，植物群落组成发生显著改变。禾草类物种重要值随着退化程度的增加显著降低，杂草类植物重要值变化呈相反趋势。高寒草原退化并未显著降低植物群落物种丰富度。中度和重度退化显著减少了禾草类植物地上生物量和群落地下生物量(0～10 cm)，显著增加了杂草类植物地上生物量。重度退化显著增加了土壤pH值，显著降低了土壤微团聚体含量，中度和重度退化均显著降低了土壤水分。中度退化降低了表层(0～10 cm)土壤养分含量，重度退化显著降低了表层和亚表层(10～20 cm)土壤养分含量。土壤养分以及与养分形成和周转相关的生态学过程是控制高寒草原植物群落特征的主要因素。本研究结果为制定适宜于青海湖流域退化高寒草原的恢复措施提供了理论依据。

关键词: 高寒草原, 草地退化, 植物群落特征, 土壤因子, 青海湖流域

Abstract: The degradation of alpine grasslands poses a threat to the ecological and environmental security of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. A comprehensive understanding of the changes in vegetation and soil properties during the degradation process of alpine grasslands is crucial for ecological restoration. In this study, we used space-for-time substitution to examine plant community composition, biomass, species diversity, soil factors, and their relationships in alpine steppes across a degradation gradient—intact, slightly degraded, moderately degraded, and severely degraded—in the Qinghai Lake Basin. The results showed that there were significant changes in the composition of plant community with the intensification of degradation. The importance value of grass species decreased significantly with increasing degradation degree, while the importance value of forb species exhibited an opposite trend. The degradation of alpine steppe did not significantly reduce species richness in plant community. Additionally, moderate and severe degradation significantly reduced aboveground biomass of grass species and belowground biomass (0-10 cm) of the community, and increased the aboveground biomass of forbs. Severe degradation resulted in a substantial increase in soil pH and a marked decrease in soil microaggregate content. Both moderate and severe degradation significantly reduced soil moisture. Moderate degradation led to a decrease in nutrient content in the topsoil (0-10 cm), while severe degradation resulted in a reduction in nutrient content across both the topsoil and subsurface soil layer (10-20 cm). Soil nutrients and the ecological processes related to nutrient formation and turnover were the main factors controlling the characteristics of plant communities in the alpine grasslands. Our results provided a theoretical basis for formulating restoration measures suitable for the degraded alpine grasslands in the Qinghai Lake Basin.

Key words: alpine steppe, grassland degradation, plant community characteristics, soil factor, Qinghai Lake Basin

王小赟, 肖元明, 王雯莹, 徐嘉昕, 杨莹, 赵殿智, 周国英. 植物群落和土壤特征对青海湖流域高寒草原退化梯度的响应[J]. 生态学杂志, 2026, 45(4): 1189-1201.

WANG Xiaoyun, XIAO Yuanming, WANG Wenying, XU Jiaxin, YANG Ying, ZHAO Dianzhi, ZHOU Guoying. Responses of plant communities and soil properties to the degradation of alpine steppe in the Qinghai Lake Basin.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2026, 45(4): 1189-1201.

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植物群落和土壤特征对青海湖流域高寒草原退化梯度的响应

Responses of plant communities and soil properties to the degradation of alpine steppe in the Qinghai Lake Basin.

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