新疆野核桃冻害与龄级和坡向的关系

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202501.019

生态学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 49-55.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202501.019

新疆野核桃冻害与龄级和坡向的关系

柳华清¹,王博²,贾妍妍¹,巴雪瑞¹,张维^1,3*

(¹伊犁师范大学生物科学与技术学院，新疆伊宁 835000； ²伊犁师范大学资源与环境学院，新疆伊宁 835000； ³新疆伊犁河谷资源植物保护与利用重点实验室，新疆伊宁 835000)

出版日期:2025-01-10 发布日期:2025-01-10

Relationship between freezing damage and age class and slope aspect of Juglans regia in Xinjiang, China.

LIU Huaqing¹, WANG Bo², JIA Yanyan¹, BA Xuerui¹, ZHANG Wei^1,3*

(¹College of Biology Science and Technology, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, Xinjiang, China; ²College of Resources and Environment, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, Xinjiang, China; ³Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Protection and Utilization in Xinjiang Yili Valley, Yining 835000, Xinjiang, China).

Online:2025-01-10 Published:2025-01-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 严重的低温冻害导致核桃生长发育受阻、产量降低甚至植株死亡。采用样方法调查新疆野核桃自然保护区野核桃的冻害情况，分析了野核桃冻害等级的分布特征以及冻害对野核桃龄级和坡向的响应。结果表明：(1)野核桃自然保护区冻害野核桃达87.1%，其中1级冻害22.5%，2级43.4%，3级17.5%，4级3.7%，重度和严重冻害合计21.2%。(2)不同坡向冻害野核桃比例不同，半阴坡比例最大(26.6%)，其次半阳坡(23.7%)，再次阴坡(21.2%)，阳坡比例最小(15.6%)；不同龄级野核桃抗冻能力不同，幼苗冻害比例最大(43.4%)，其次中龄树(36.5%)，再次老龄树(19.1%)，小树冻害比例最小(1.0%)，不同坡向同一龄级冻害野核桃的比例差异显著(P<0.05)。(3)轻度冻害和中度冻害主要发生在半阳坡，重度冻害和严重冻害主要发生在半阴坡；1级和4级冻害主要发生在幼苗，2级和3级冻害主要发生在中龄树。(4)冻害与野核桃胸径和坡向呈显著相关(P<0.05)，与冠幅呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。新疆野核桃自然保护区的野核桃近90%遭受冻害，不同坡向和不同龄级野核桃冻害等级比例差异较大。本研究结果为保护区野核桃冻害的预防提供科学参考。

关键词: 新疆野核桃, 冻害, 胸径, 坡向

Abstract: Severe freezing damage leads to stunted growth of walnut, reduced yield and even plant death. In this study, we investigated the freezing damage on Juglans regia in the Xinjiang Wild Walnut Nature Reserve, and analyzed the distribution characteristics of freezing damage levels of J. regia and the response of freezing damage to age class of trees and slope aspect. The results showed that: (1) The freezing damage on J. regia reached 87.1%. The proportion of damage at level 1, 2, 3, and 4 was 22.5%, 43.4%, 17.5%, and 3.7%, respectively, with the severe and very severe freezing damage together being 21.2%. (2) The proportion of freezing damaged J. regia varied in different slope aspects, with the highest proportion on semishaded slopes (26.6%), followed by semi-sunny slopes (23.7%) and shaded slopes (21.2%), and the lowest in the sunny slopes (15.6%). Resistance abilities varied among different age classes of J. regia, with the highest proportion of frozen damage in seedlings (43.4%), followed by middle-aged trees (36.5%), elderly trees (19.1%), and the lowest in young trees (1.0%). There were significant differences in the proportion of freezing damage of J. regia in the same age class from different slope aspects (P<0.05). (3) Mild and moderate freezing damage mainly occurred on the semi-sunny slopes, while severe and very severe freezing damage mainly occurred on the semi-shaded slopes. Level 1 and level 4 freezing damage mainly occurred on seedlings, while level 2 and level 3 freezing damage mainly occurred on middle-aged trees. (4) Freezing damage was significantly correlated with diameter at the breast height and slope aspect of J. regia (P<0.05), and significantly negatively correlated with crown width (P<0.01). Nearly 90% of J. regia in the reserve suffered from freezing damage. The proportion of freezing damage level of J. regia varied greatly in different slope aspects and age classes. Our results provided scientific reference for the prevention of freezing damage on J. regia.

Key words: Juglans regia, freezing damage, diameter at breast height, slope aspect

柳华清, 王博, 贾妍妍, 巴雪瑞, 张维. 新疆野核桃冻害与龄级和坡向的关系[J]. 生态学杂志, 2025, 44(1): 49-55.

LIU Huaqing, WANG Bo, JIA Yanyan, BA Xuerui, ZHANG Wei. Relationship between freezing damage and age class and slope aspect of Juglans regia in Xinjiang, China.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2025, 44(1): 49-55.

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新疆野核桃冻害与龄级和坡向的关系

Relationship between freezing damage and age class and slope aspect of Juglans regia in Xinjiang, China.

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