欢迎访问《生态学杂志》官方网站,今天是 分享到:

生态学杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (10): 3033-3040.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202110.021

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

天山雪岭云杉林群落组成与结构10年动态变化

阿地来·赛提尼亚孜1,常顺利1*,张毓涛2,孙雪娇2,李吉玫2,李翔2   

  1. 1新疆大学资源与环境科学学院绿洲生态教育部重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830046;2新疆林业科学院森林生态研究所, 乌鲁木齐 830063)
  • 出版日期:2021-10-10 发布日期:2022-04-01

A decade variation of species composition and community structure of spruce forest in Tianshan Mountains.  

ADILAI Saitiniyazi1, CHANG Shun-li1*, ZHANG Yu-tao2, SUN Xue-jiao2, LI Ji-mei2, LI Xiang2   

  1. (1Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, College of Resource and Environmental Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; 2Institute of Forest Ecology, Xinjiang Academy of Forestry, Urumqi 830063, China).
  • Online:2021-10-10 Published:2022-04-01

摘要: 对森林群落进行长期监测,有助于理解群落的构建机制与更新动态。以天山雪岭云杉林8 hm2森林动态监测样地2009年、2014年和2019年共3次群落调查数据为基础,从物种组成、重要值、死亡率、补员率和径级结构等方面分析天山雪岭云杉林10年的群落动态。结果表明:样地内胸径≥1 cm木本植物独立存活个体从2009年11835株(6科8属8种)减少到2019年的10301株(5科6属6种),物种组成无明显变化;总胸高断面积、平均胸径和平均树高随时间推移而增加,分别增加4.55 m2·hm-2、2.35 cm和2.27 m;胸径≥1 cm个体的年死亡率为3.41%,年补员率为0.65%;群落整体径级结构呈倒“J”型,中小径级(DBH≤20 cm)个体数量多,占总体的70.59%~78.74%,呈逐年下降趋势;死亡个体的中小径级(DBH≤10 cm)占比最高,每隔5年的占比分别为16.90%和15.26%;树高>10 m个体比例大且较为稳定,总体由48.94%升高到55.45%。雪岭云杉林在10年间的物种组成和结构没有出现较大变化,但群落中个体的高死亡率和较低补员率,尤其优势种的更新不足,使得该森林更新缓慢。本研究有助于了解天山雪岭云杉林物种组成和结构动态,为天山雪岭云杉林的保护和可持续经营管理提供科学依据。

关键词: 动态监测样地, 云杉森林, 死亡率, 补员率, 胸径

Abstract: Long-term monitoring of forest communities is helpful for understanding the construction mechanism and regeneration dynamics of forest communities. Based on the data from three community surveys of an 8hm2 dynamic monitoring plot in the spruce (Picea schrenkiana) forest in Tianshan Mountains (2009, 2014, and 2019), we analyzed species composition, importance value, mortality rate, recruitment rate, and diameter at breast height (DBH) structure. The results showed that the living individuals of woody plants with DBH ≥1 cm decreased from 11835 (8 species, 8 genera, and 6 families) in 2009 to 10301 (6 species, 6 genera, and 5 families) in 2019, indicating no significant change in species composition. The total basal area, average DBH, and tree height increased with time, by 4.55 m2·hm-2, 2.35 cm, and 2.27 m, respectively. The annual mortality rate and annual recruitment rate of individuals with DBH >1 cm were 3.41% and 0.65%, respectively. There was an inverted Jshaped DBH structure, with largeabundance of medium and small diameter (DBH ≤20 cm) individuals, accounting for 70.59%-78.74% of the total, showing a downward trend year by year. Meanwhile, the proportion of dead individuals in the small diameter class (DBH ≤10 cm) was the highest, with the proportions of 16.90% and 15.26% every five years, respectively. The proportion of individuals with tree height >10 m was large and relatively stable, increasing from 48.94% to 55.45%. Species composition and community structure of spruce forest did not change significantly within the 10 years. The high mortality rate and low recruitment rate in the community, especially the insufficient regeneration of dominant species, resulted in a slow regeneration. Our results are helpful for understanding the dynamics of species composition and structure of spruce forest in Tianshan Mountains, and provide scientific basis for the protection and sustainable management of spruce forest.

Key words: dynamic monitoring plot, spruce forest, mortality rate, recruitment rate, diameter at breast height (DBH).