低温协迫对茶树表型特征和茶叶品质的影响与霜冻等级指标研究

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202603.008

生态学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (7): 2305-2312.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202603.008

低温协迫对茶树表型特征和茶叶品质的影响与霜冻等级指标研究

李时睿^1,2,廖必军³,陈尊界⁴,李鑫^5*,孙睿^1,2,李征珍⁵

（¹北京师范大学地理科学学部遥感科学国家重点实验室，北京 100875； ²北京师范大学地理科学学部/北京市陆表遥感数据产品工程技术研究中心，北京 100875； ³浙江蓝天气象科技有限公司，杭州 310052； ⁴苍南县气象局，浙江苍南 325800； ⁵中国农业科学院茶叶研究所，杭州 310008）

出版日期:2026-07-10 发布日期:2026-07-16

Effects of low-temperature stress on the phenotypic characteristics of tea plants and leaf quality, and the development of frost-damage grading indices.

LI Shirui^1,2, LIAO Bijun³, CHEN Zunjie⁴, LI Xin^5*, SUN Rui^1,2, LI Zhengzhen⁵

(¹State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; ²Beijing Engineering Research Center for Global Land Remote Sensing Products, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; ³Zhejiang Blue Sky Meteorological Technology Limited Company, Hangzhou 310052, China; ⁴Cangnan County Meteorological Bureau, Cangnan 325800, Zhejiang, China; ⁵Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China).

Online:2026-07-10 Published:2026-07-16

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究不同品种茶树霜冻等级指标，对茶叶春霜冻害精准预报具有重要意义。采用盆栽方法在人工气候箱内对‘龙井43’和‘白叶1号’茶树春芽萌动期分别进行5个低温处理（4、2、0、-2、-4 ℃）和25 ℃（CK）以及8个低温持续时间处理（0.5、1、2、3、6、9、12和24 h），研究了低温协迫对茶树表型特征和茶叶品质的影响，综合考虑最低气温和持续时间，确定了‘龙井43’和‘白叶1号’茶树霜冻等级指标。结果表明：（1）低温胁迫后‘龙井43’和‘白叶1号’茶树表型特征差异明显。从0 ℃开始，随着温度降低和处理时间的延长，‘白叶1号’的表型变化明显重于‘龙井43’，表明‘龙井43’茶树抗冻性强于‘白叶1号’。（2）低温胁迫条件下，‘龙井43’茶叶品质变化特征明显。0 ℃及以上的温度条件下，茶多酚含量表现为随时间延长呈缓慢下降趋势，但0 ℃以下处理时基本为上升趋势。而在0 ℃以上条件下，氨基酸含量则是随着时间增加呈缓慢上升趋势，但在0 ℃及以下条件下呈现为先上升后下降然后缓慢上升的趋势。（3）应用2016年、2021—2022年茶园小气候站的小时温度数据，对‘龙井43’和‘白叶1号’茶树霜冻等级进行验证，精准度分别达100%和88.89%。

关键词: 龙井43, 白叶1号, 低温胁迫, 茶叶品质, 春霜冻害, 气象指标, 等级划分

Abstract: Understanding frost damage level for different tea cultivars is of great significance for the precise forecasting of spring frost damage to tea plants. In this study, pot-grown “Longjing 43” and “Baiye No. 1” tea plants were subjected to five low-temperature treatments (4, 2, 0, -2, -4 ℃） and 25 ℃ (control) and eight low-temperature duration treatments (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 h) during the spring bud sprouting stage in an artificial climate chamber. The effects of low-temperature stress on the phenotypic characteristics and tea quality of the plants were examined. Based on a comprehensive consideration of minimum temperature and exposure duration, frost damage grading indices for “Longjing 43” and “Baiye No. 1” were established. The results showed that: (1) there were significant differences in phenotypic characteristics between “Longjing 43” and “Baiye No. 1” after lowtemperature stress. Starting from 0 ℃, as temperature decreased and the exposure duration increased, the phenotypic changes in “Baiye No. 1” were noticeably more severe than those in “Longjing 43”, indicating that “Longjing 43” had stronger cold resistance than “Baiye No. 1”. (2) Under low-temperature stress, tea quality of “Longjing 43” exhibited distinct change patterns. At temperatures of 0 ℃ and above, polyphenol content showed a slow declining trend with increasing exposure time. When the temperature dropped below 0 ℃, the content generally increased. In contrast, amino acid content showed a slow increasing trend at temperature above 0 ℃, while at temperatures below 0 ℃ it initially increased, then declined, and subsequently increased slowly again. (3) Using hourly temperature data from tea garden microclimate stations in 2016 and from 2021 to 2022, the frost damage grading indices for “Longjing 43” and “Baiye No. 1” were validated, achieving accuracy of 100% and 88.89%, respectively.

Key words: Longjing 43, Baiye No. 1, low temperature stress, tea quality, spring frost damage, meteorological index, rank division

李时睿, 廖必军, 陈尊界, 李鑫, 孙睿, 李征珍. 低温协迫对茶树表型特征和茶叶品质的影响与霜冻等级指标研究[J]. 生态学杂志, 2026, 45(7): 2305-2312.

LI Shirui, LIAO Bijun, CHEN Zunjie, LI Xin, SUN Rui, LI Zhengzhen. Effects of low-temperature stress on the phenotypic characteristics of tea plants and leaf quality, and the development of frost-damage grading indices.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2026, 45(7): 2305-2312.

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低温协迫对茶树表型特征和茶叶品质的影响与霜冻等级指标研究

Effects of low-temperature stress on the phenotypic characteristics of tea plants and leaf quality, and the development of frost-damage grading indices.

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