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生态学杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (7): 1979-1987.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202107.024

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

外来入侵植物假苍耳种子的萌发特性

王丽娟,李爱雨,冯旭,武佳文,王雪,刘丹,李翠婷,徐永清*   

  1. (东北农业大学生命科学学院, 植物资源与分子生物学实验室, 哈尔滨 150030)
  • 出版日期:2021-07-10 发布日期:2021-07-09

Seed germination of an invasive species Iva xanthiifolia.

WANG Li-Juan, LI Ai-Yu, FENG Xu, WU Jia-Wen, WANG Xue, LIU Dan, LI Cui-Ting, XU Yong-Qing*   

  1. (Laboratory of Plant Resources and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China).
  • Online:2021-07-10 Published:2021-07-09

摘要: 假苍耳(Iva xanthiifolia)是一种外来入侵植物,目前对我国东北地区的生物多样性已造成严重的威胁。本研究采用纸皿试验对不同年份种子的千粒重、含水率、萌发指标及内源赤霉素总含量进行了测定。同时,为阐明假苍耳种子的萌发特性及其在入侵过程中的作用,以2019年的种子为材料探讨了光照时长、低温层积时间和冷冻胁迫对种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:不同年份种子的千粒重为1.172~1.311 g,含水率在0.93%~1.26%,萌发率及内源赤霉素总含量均随贮藏时间的增长显著下降。假苍耳种子的萌发需光,发芽率随光照时间的延长呈显著升高趋势,但光照处理显著抑制了幼苗下胚轴的伸长;随4 ℃层积时间的延长,种子萌发相关指标呈先上升后下降趋势,在处理15 d后发芽率最高,为68.3%;在-20和-40 ℃冷冻处理下,种子的萌发率、内源GA总含量、鲜重均显著降低,但对幼苗的下胚轴长度无显著影响。根据假苍耳种子的萌发特征,播种前深耕是田间防控的有效措施。

关键词: 假苍耳, 种子萌发, 低温, 赤霉素

Abstract: Iva xanthiifolia is an alien invasive plant species, with serious threat to biodiversity in Northeast China. In this study, we measured the 1000grain weight, water content, germination indices and endogenous gibberellin levels of seeds collected in different years. To elucidate the germination characteristics of Iva xanthiifolia seeds and their roles in invasion, we explored the effects of photoperiod, cold stratification time, and freezing stress on seed germination and seedling growth with seeds collected in 2019. Results showed that the 1000-grain weight of seeds collected in different years was 1.172-1.311 g, water content was 0.93%-1.26%, and germination rate and endogenous gibberellin content were decreased significantly with the increasing storage time. Iva xanthiifolia seeds required light for germination. The germination rate tended to increase significantly with the duration of light exposure. However, light treatment significantly inhibited seedling hypocotyl elongation. With the time extension of cold stratification at 4 ℃, there was an initial increase and then a decreasing trend for seed germination characteristics. The highest germination rate of 68.3% was obtained after 15 d of treatment. Germination rate, endogenous gibberellin content of seeds, fresh weight of seedlings were significantly reduced by freezing treatment at -20 ℃ and -40 ℃, but the hypocotyl length of seedlings was not significantly affected. Our results showed that deep ploughing before sowing would be an effective measure for field control of Iva xanthiifolia.

Key words: Iva xanthiifolia, seed germination, low temperature, gibberellin.