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西北干旱区灌草型白刺-芨芨草群落根系分布与互作

陈斌1,2*,刘茂松3*,黄峥4,张明娟5,徐驰3#br#   

  1. 1南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心, 南京 210037; 2南京林业大学生物与环境学院, 南京 210037; 3南京大学生命科学学院, 南京 210023; 4南京师范大学生命科学学院, 南京 210046; 5南京农业大学园艺学院, 南京 210095)
  • 出版日期:2017-10-10 发布日期:2017-10-10

Root distribution and interaction in a Nitraria tangutorum-Achnatherum splendens (shrub-grass) community in arid Northwest China.

CHEN Bin1,2*, LIU Mao-song3*, HUANG Zheng4, ZHANG Ming-juan5, XU Chi3#br#   

  1. (1CoInnovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; 2College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; 3School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; 4School of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, Cihna; 5College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China).
  • Online:2017-10-10 Published:2017-10-10

摘要:

本文以宁夏沙湖一个典型的干旱区灌草型白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)—芨芨草(Achnatherum splendens)群落为研究对象,将该群落自植物聚生丛冠层覆盖区至丛间裸地依次划分为冠盖区、过渡区和空旷区3个微生境分区,通过比较两优势种的根系生物量密度以及根系消弱系数(反映根系总体埋深)在这3个分区中的分布特征,研究了干旱胁迫环境下两物种的根系分布与共存机制。结果表明:两物种的总根与细根均集中分布于冠盖区,但芨芨草根系生物量密度自冠盖区至空旷区的下降幅度更大;白刺总根及细根生物量密度重心自冠盖区至空旷区逐渐下移,而芨芨草的总根和细根生物量密度重心在空旷区较过渡区有所抬升;另外,白刺细根生物量密度在冠盖区10~30 cm土层中最高,而芨芨草在0~10 cm层最高;各微生境分区内两物种的根系消弱系数均具有显著性(或接近于显著性)差异。这暗示了白刺与芨芨草的根系分布存在明显的生态位分离现象。“地上聚生,地下分离”的共生方式可能是白刺与芨芨草共同适应干旱环境的生长策略。
 

关键词: 草甸土, 固相, 秸秆覆盖, 长期免耕, 土壤物理性质, 孔隙

Abstract:

This study aims to better understand the underlying mechanisms of the coexistence of shrub and grass species in arid environments. A typical shrubgrass community, Nitraria tangutorum-Achnatherum splendens community, was selected near the Shahu Lake in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Northwest China. To characterize the heterogeneity of the habitat, we partitioned the community into three microhabitats, namely under-canopy, transitional and open microhabitats, from the canopy areas of plant clumps to the inter-clump barren areas. With trenching methods, roots were collected and the distributions of root biomass densities and root extinction coefficients of the two species were compared in the soil profiles of the three microhabitats. The results showed that both Nitraria and Achnatherum produced most of their roots in under-canopy microhabitats; however, the extent of decline in root biomass density from undercanopy to open microhabitats was more intensive in Achnatherum. The layers with highest root biomass density of Nitraria were continuously deepened from undercanopy to open microhabitats, while that of Achnatherum re-increased in open microhabitats. Nitraria had its highest fine root biomass density in 10-30 cm layer in the undercanopy microhabitat, while the highest fine root biomass density of Achnatherum was in 0-10 cm layer. There were significant (or marginally significant) differences in root extinction coefficients between the two species in all microhabitats, indicating that there was belowground niche segregation between Nitraria and Achnatherum. Taking into account of the patchy clumpstyle aboveground distribution pattern, we suggest that aboveground aggregation together with belowground segregation might be the coexistence strategies of Nitraria and Achnatherum to cope with arid environments.
 

Key words: long-term no-tillage, soil solid phase, soil porosity., meadow soil, soil physical properties, straw mulching