喀斯特山地石灰土施用生物炭对刺槐幼苗生长和土壤特性的影响

生态学杂志

喀斯特山地石灰土施用生物炭对刺槐幼苗生长和土壤特性的影响

孙嘉曼^1,2,卜晓莉^1,2,吴永波^1,2,薛建辉^1,2*#br#

(¹南京林业大学江苏省南方现代林业协同创新中心，南京 210037； ²南京林业大学江苏省林业生态工程重点实验室，南京 210037)

出版日期:2016-12-10 发布日期:2016-12-10

Effects of biochar application on the growth of Robinia pseudoacacia L. seedlings and soil properties in limestone soil in a karst mountain site.

SUN Jia-man^1,2, BU Xiao-li^1,2, WU Yong-bo^1,2, XUE Jian-hui^1,2*#br#

(¹ CoInnovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; ^2 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Forestry and Ecological Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China).

Online:2016-12-10 Published:2016-12-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生物炭是生物质在缺氧或低氧环境中经热裂解后产生的富炭固体产物，近年来作为土壤改良剂、肥料缓释载体及碳封存剂等备受关注。本研究采用盆栽试验方法，在喀斯特山地石灰土中施用4种不同比例（生物炭/土壤质量比：1%、2.5%、5%和10%）的3种生物炭（稻壳炭RHB、棉花秸秆炭CSB和木炭WCB），研究了生物炭对喀斯特山地石灰土pH值、毛管持水量、有机质和有效养分含量以及刺槐（Robinia pseudoacacia L.）出苗期（45 d）生长性状和根系参数的影响。结果表明：生物炭处理可促进刺槐苗期根系发育和生长。与对照（CK）相比，RHB_2.5处理刺槐幼苗总根长、总表面积、0～0.6、0.6～1.2、1.2～1.8 mm直径范围内的根长分别显著增加了198%、125%、287%、209%、146%；RHB₅和WCB_2.5处理刺槐幼苗根系活力分别显著提高了36%和32%；CSB₁₀处理刺槐幼苗株高、地径、地上生物量、总生物量分别显著增加了30%、6%、147%、118%；CSB₅处理刺槐幼苗根冠比显著降低了57%。同时，生物炭处理有利于改善石灰土水分与养分供应状况，且随着施用量增加，改良效果不断加强。与CK相比，RHB₁₀、CSB₁₀和WCB₁₀能分别使土壤有机质含量增加25%、195%和68%；碱解氮含量增加49%、105%和45%；有效磷含量增加114%、766%和115%；速效钾含量增加170%、27%和89%；RHB₁和WCB₁₀分别使土壤pH值提高1.22%和1.48%。因此，施用生物炭可改善喀斯特山地石灰土土壤质量，促进刺槐苗期根系发育和生长，对改良喀斯特石灰土和恢复植被具有重要意义。

关键词: 能量收支, 白头鹎, 温度, 消化道形态, 光周期, 体质量

Abstract: Biochar is a carbonrich solid material produced by heating biomass in an oxygenlimited environment, which has been widely concerned as a soil conditioner, fertilizer release carrier and carbon (C) storage agent in recent years. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of three kinds of biochar (rice husk biochar, RHB; cotton straw biochar, CSB; woodchip biochar, WCB) amended with 1%, 2.5%, 5%, 10% (dry mass basis) on pH, capillary capacity, organic matter and available nutrient concentrations of limestone soil, and the growth traits, root characteristics of Robinia pseudoacacia L. seedlings (45 days old) at a karst site. The results showed that biochar application improved root characteristics and promoted the growth of R. pseudoacacia. Compared with CK, RHB_2.5 significantly accelerated total root length, total root surface area and the root length of 0-0.6, 0.6-1.2, 1.2-1.8 mm in diameter of R. pseudoacacia by 198%, 125%, 287%, 209% and 146%, respectively. RHB₅ and WCB_2.5 significantly increased the root activity by 36% and 32%, respectively. CSB₁₀ increased seedling height, basal diameter, aboveground biomass, and total biomass by Symbol`@@30%, 6%, 147% and 118%, respectively. Root/shoot ratio was decreased significantly by 57% after CSB₅ application. Moreover, biochar application remarkably improved soil water and nutrient availability, and the effects increased with the increase of application rate. Compared with the CK, RHB₁₀, CSB₁₀ and WCB₁₀ increased soil organic matter by 25%, 195% and 68%, available N by 49%, 105% and 45%, available P by 114%, 766% and 115%, and available K by 170%, 27% and 89%, respectively. RHB₁ and WCB_10 increased soil pH by 1.22% and 1.48%, respectively. Therefore, biochar application can improve quality of limestone soil in karst area, and promote root development and growth of R. pseudoacacia seedlings, which is of importance to the improvement of limestone soil and revegetation in karst area.

Key words: Chinese bulbul (Pycnonotus sinensis), temperature, body mass, energy budget, photoperiod, digestive tract morphology.

孙嘉曼1,2,卜晓莉1,2,吴永波1,2,薛建辉1,2*. 喀斯特山地石灰土施用生物炭对刺槐幼苗生长和土壤特性的影响[J]. 生态学杂志.

SUN Jia-man1,2, BU Xiao-li1,2, WU Yong-bo1,2, XUE Jian-hui1,2*. Effects of biochar application on the growth of Robinia pseudoacacia L. seedlings and soil properties in limestone soil in a karst mountain site.[J]. cje.

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