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秸秆还田对土壤钾素的影响及其替代钾肥效应研究进

姜超强1,郑青松2,祖朝龙1**   

  1. 1安徽省农业科学院烟草研究所, 合肥 230031; 2南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 南京 210095)
  • 出版日期:2015-04-10 发布日期:2015-04-10

Research progress on effects of straw returning on soil potassium and its substitute for potassium fertilizer.

JIANG Chao-qiang1, ZHENG Qing-song2, ZU Chao-long1**   

  1. (1Tobacco Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science, Hefei 230031, China; 2College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China)
  • Online:2015-04-10 Published:2015-04-10

摘要: 农作物秸秆是重要的有机资源,其合理有效利用也越来越受到重视。秸秆还田具有增加作物产量、提高土壤有机碳含量、培肥地力、促进养分循环利用和缓解土壤酸化等特点,对减少化肥施用具有重要作用。随着人们对资源高效利用认识的深入,秸秆还田水平正在不断的提高,国内外在秸秆还田对土壤钾素影响等方面的研究也取得了丰硕的成果。本文主要从秸秆还田对土壤钾素、作物产量的影响以及秸秆钾素与化肥钾的等效性等方面对秸秆还田的钾素效应进行了综述。还田秸秆初期主要是通过自身钾素释放提高当季土壤速效钾含量,而长期秸秆还田还可能促进矿物钾的释放;有效的秸秆还田不仅能够为土壤提供大量氮、磷、钾等速效养分,而且能为土壤中的微生物提供丰富的碳源,提高土壤肥力,进而增加作物产量。中国目前秸秆有效还田仍然不足1/3,与欧美国家秸秆还田率相比还具有很大的发展潜力。加强秸秆还田率将能缓解中国耕地土壤钾素缺乏与钾矿资源不足的矛盾。今后应进一步深入研究适宜秸秆还田量及其与化肥钾的合理配置,短期试验结合长期监测以探讨秸秆还田对钾素影响的作用机理,为提高秸秆有效还田,促进土壤作物钾素高效循环提供理论依据。

关键词: 栓皮栎, 光合作用-CO2响应, 阴/阳叶, 光合参数, 刺槐

Abstract: Crop residue is an important organic resource, and its reasonable and effective use is getting more and more attention. Straw returning can not only increase crop yield, enhance soil organic carbon content, enrich soil fertility, but can also improve nutrient cycling and utilization, alleviate soil acidification, and reduce the application of chemical fertilizer. Nowadays, with better understanding of highly efficient utilization of resource, studies on the effects of straw returning on soil potassium in China and at abroad have made plentiful and substantial achievements. This review paper summarized recent researches on effects of straw returning on potassium mainly from three aspects including soil potassium, crop yield, and the equivalence between straw potassium and chemical potassium fertilizer. The findings are as follows: returning straw could increase the available potassium in soil by the release of potassium from the straw, especially at the early stage of decomposition while long-term straw returning might also promote the release of mineral potassium. Effective straw returning not only provides plenty of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for the soil, but also improves soil microbial conditions by supplying abundant carbon, and thus increases crop yield. The return rate of straw in China was currently less than 1/3, which was much less than that in Europe and America. There is still great potential to enhance the return rate of straw in China, which will gradually improve soil potassium and alleviate the contradiction of the lack of potassium resources in China. In order to enhance the return rate of straw residue and promote the circulation of potassium between the soil and crop, more researches should be focused on the reasonable incorporation of the straw returning with chemical potassium fertilizer, and the affecting mechanism of straw returning on soil potassium in both shortterm experiment and long-term monitoring.

Key words: Quercus variabilis, shaded/sunlit leaf, photosynthetic parameter, Robinia pseudoacacia, photosynthetic-CO2 response