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种植方式对华北春玉米密植群体冠层结构的调控效应

吴霞,陈源泉**,隋鹏,高旺盛,闫〓鹏,陶志强   

  1. (中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院, 循环农业研究中心, 北京,100193)
  • 出版日期:2015-01-10 发布日期:2015-01-10

Effect of planting geometries on canopy structure of spring maize under highdensity condition in North China Plain.

WU Xia, CHEN Yuan-quan**, SUI Peng, GAO Wang-sheng, YAN Peng, TAO Zhi-qiang   

  1. (Research Center of Circular Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing  100193, China)
  • Online:2015-01-10 Published:2015-01-10

摘要:

在大田同等密度条件下,设计了单、双株与对、错位组合的4种种植方式,研究其对华北春播“郑单958”密植群体的冠层结构、功能及产量的影响。结果表明:相比常规单株对位种植方式,双株错位、双株对位和单株错位种植方式下玉米群体的冠层垂直分布呈现叶和茎的干重权重比例下移、群体叶片垂直分布趋于“纺锤形”;植株个体穗下层茎叶夹角显著增加2.4°~3.4°,尤其双株错位和双株对位有效扩展了个体生态位,显示了耐密调控能力;灌浆期前,各处理群体LAI及叶片功能活性略显劣势,但在此之后LAI、穗位叶及穗下叶片中SPAD值衰减速度延缓,功能期延长;3个处理比常规种植方式增产11.2%~12.7%,但差异未达显著水平;抗倒性强、空杆率低、千粒重显著增多是产量较高的主要因素;密植条件下改变传统的单株对位种植,能够改善密植群体冠层结构,优化个体形态,提高生育后期冠层中下部叶片功能活性,从而实现耐密、增产、稳产。

 

关键词: 景天酸代谢植物(CAM植物), 光合作用, CO2浓度, 八宝景天, 糖代谢

Abstract: A field experiment was conducted to compare the effects of planting geometries on the canopy structure, functional properties and yield of the spring maize variety Zhengdan958 planted under high density condition. Four planting geometries were adopted: one plant per clump opposite in adjacent rows (DD), one plant per clump staggered in adjacent rows (DC), two plants per clump opposite in adjacent rows (SD), and two plants per clump staggered in adjacent rows (SC). The results indicated that in the SD and SC treatments, the vertical distribution of canopy exhibited a spindleshaped morphological tendency with an accumulation of the dry matter in stem and leaf in the layer of 0-90 cm (under ear leaf) and 90-180 cm (ear leaf), the stemleaf angle under the lamina of the ear increased significantly by 2.4°-3.4°. The treatments clumps with two plants (SD and SC) provided more niche space for each plant and enhanced tolerance to highdensity planting. Compared with the conventional DD planting pattern, leaf area index (LAI) and chlorophyll relative content (SPAD) values before the filling stage for clumped and scattered planting geometries were lower, while the opposite phenomenon occurred at the filling stage. Compared to the control, the grain yields in these clumped and scattered planting treatments were increased by 11.2%-12.7% but were not significantly different, largely due to increased lodging resistance and higher ear number and thousandkernel weight. Our results confirmed that the population structure and shoot morphological structure under highdensity condition were effectively regulated by the clumped and scattered planting geometries, which improved photosynthesis capacity of middledown leaves at the filling stage and revealed a great potential of highyielding structure and tolerance to highdensity planting.

Key words: Hylotelephium erythrostictum, carbohydrate metabolites, crassulacean acid metabolism plant (CAM plant), CO2 concentration, photosynthesis