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林火对大兴安岭落叶松林土壤性质的短期与长期影响

孔健健1,2,3,杨健1**   

  1. (1中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所森林与土壤生态国家重点实验室, 沈阳 110016; 2中国科学院大学, 北京 100049; 3沈阳师范大学化学与生命科学学院, 沈阳 110034)
  • 出版日期:2014-06-10 发布日期:2014-06-10

Short- and long-term effects of fire on soil properties in a Dahurian larch forest in Great Xing’an Mountains.

KONG Jian-jian1,2,3, YANG Jian1**   

  1. (1State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 3College of Chemistry and Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China)
  • Online:2014-06-10 Published:2014-06-10

摘要:

林火是北方针叶林的一种重要组分,是促进森林生态系统养分循环的重要方式。为探讨林火对土壤的影响,以大兴安岭呼中自然保护区2010和2000年火烧迹地为研究对象,并选择附近未过火区作为对照样地,测定分析了受林火影响的土壤理化及微生物指标。结果表明:与对照区相比,火后1年,兴安落叶松林土壤性质发生了显著变化,即土壤水分、有机层厚度、C/N均显著减小,而土壤pH值、铵氮和硝氮含量则显著增加;同时土壤微生物生物量碳氮含量显著减少;火后11年,土壤理化性质基本与对照间无显著差异,但土壤微生物量仍显著低于对照区。这表明火后土壤的理化性质恢复较快,而火对微生物的影响较为持久。本研究将为火后森林土壤养分的管理提供重要科学依据。
 

关键词: 足迹家族, 生态足迹, 水足迹, 碳足迹, 资源环境压力

Abstract: Wildfire is an important component in boreal forest ecosystems, and accelerates biogeochemical processes of forest ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the shortterm and long-term effects of wildfire on soil physicochemical and microbial indicators in boreal Dahurian larch forests that were burned respectively in 2010 and 2000 at the Huzhong Natural Reserve in the Great Xing’an Mountains. Our results showed that wildfire significantly decreased soil moisture, organic matter depth, soil C/N and microbial biomass in the plots burning in 2010, but significantly increased soil pH, ammonium and nitrate contents, compared with the control plots. However, 11 years after the wildfire, no significant differences were observed in these soil properties between burned and control plots except for soil microbial biomass, which was significantly lower than the control. This suggests that postfire soil physicochemical properties can rapidly recover to prefire levels, but the effect of fire on soil microbial biomass may last for a long time. This research provided a basis for managing the nutrients of postfire Dahurian larch forests.

Key words: resource and environment pressure., footprint family, carbon footprint, ecological footprint, water footprint