哀牢山和玉龙雪山不同海拔林内外温湿特征比较

生态学杂志

哀牢山和玉龙雪山不同海拔林内外温湿特征比较

张鹏^1,2,4,张一平^1,2*,宋清海^1,2,许琨³,黄华³,刘维暐³,罗奇¹

(¹中国科学院热带森林生态学重点实验室，云南勐仑 666303；²中国科学院核心植物园植物生态中心，云南勐仑 666303；³中国科学院昆明植物研究所，云南昆明 650201；⁴中国科学院大学，北京 100049)

出版日期:2020-02-10 发布日期:2020-02-10

A comparative study of temperature and humidity characteristics of mountain forest and open land at various elevations in Ailao Mountain and Yulong Snow Mountain.

ZHANG Peng^1,2,4, ZHANG Yi-ping^1,2*, SONG Qing-hai^1,2, XU Kun³, HUANG Hua³, LIU Wei-wei³, LUO Qi¹

(¹Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun 666303, Yunnan, China; ²Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China; ³Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; ⁴University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China).

Online:2020-02-10 Published:2020-02-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以哀牢山和玉龙雪山不同海拔森林生态系统为研究对象，利用各海拔的林内、外气温、相对湿度观测数据，比较分析了两地不同海拔林内、外小气候特征及其变化规律。结果表明，哀牢山、玉龙雪山各海拔的林内、外气温年变化趋势均呈倒U型，雨季(5—10月)高于干季(11—4月)，林外气温高于林内。哀牢山各海拔森林对气温影响（林内外气温差）强于玉龙雪山。林内外气温差绝对值一般随海拔增加而增大。年尺度上，哀牢山林内气温低于林外，玉龙雪山除3540 m也低于林外，显示出两种山地森林具有一定的降温调节作用。哀牢山年林内气温随海拔高度递减比率(0.52 ℃·100 m^-1)略大于林外(0.50 ℃·100 m^-1)，均小于玉龙雪山(林内为0.55 ℃·100 m^-1、林外为0.56 ℃·100 m^-1)。哀牢山、玉龙雪山各海拔林内、外相对湿度年变化趋势也呈倒U型，雨季大于干季，林外低于林内。年尺度上，高海拔的相对湿度较大。总体上，哀牢山、玉龙雪山森林兼有调节气温和相对湿度的作用，哀牢山森林对降低气温的调节能力更强，玉龙雪山森林增湿调节能力更强。

关键词: 时空特征, 农业干旱, 层次分析法, 综合评价指标

Abstract: We monitored air temperature and air relative humidity and analyzed the microclimate effects and elevational patterns in different forest ecosystems at various elevations in Ailao Mountain and Yulong Snow Mountain. The results showed that the annual dynamics of air temperature inside the forest and in open land at various elevations in two mountains showed an inverted U shape and air temperature of rainy season (May-October) was higher than that of dry season (November-April). In general, open lands had higher air temperature than forests. Forests at all elevations in Ailao Mountain had stronger effects on temperature than that in Yulong Snow Mountain. The absolute difference of air temperature between forest and open land generally increased with elevation. Air temperature inside forest in Ailao Mountain was lower than that in open land at annual scale, while Yulong Snow Mountain showed a same pattern except 3450 m. Thus, Ailao Mountain and Yulong Snow Mountain forests showed cooling regulation effects to a certain extent. Vertical lapse rate of temperature in Ailao Mountain forest (0.52 ℃·100 m^-1) was slightly higher than that in open land (0.50 ℃·100 m^-1), but was lower than that in Yulong Snow Mountain forest (0.55 ℃·100 m^-1) and open land (0.56 ℃·100 m^-1). Annual dynamics of air relative humidity of forest and open land at various elevations in two mountains also showed an inverted U shape. The relative humidity was higher in rainy season than in dry season, and lower in open land than in forest, with a similar pattern of air temperature. Moreover, air relative humidity at higher elevation was higher than that at lower elevation at annual scale. Both Ailao Mountain and Yulong Snow Mountain forests showed cooling and humidifying regulation effects. Ailao Mountain forests had the stronger cooling regulation effect but lower humidifying regulation effect than the Yulong Snow Mountain forests.

Key words: analytic hierarchy process (AHP), comprehensive evaluation index, agricultural drought, spatio-temporal characteristics.

张鹏,张一平,宋清海,许琨,黄华,刘维暐,罗奇. 哀牢山和玉龙雪山不同海拔林内外温湿特征比较[J]. 生态学杂志.

ZHANG Peng, ZHANG Yi-ping, SONG Qing-hai, XU Kun, HUANG Hua, LIU Wei-wei, LUO Qi. A comparative study of temperature and humidity characteristics of mountain forest and open land at various elevations in Ailao Mountain and Yulong Snow Mountain.[J]. cje.

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