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宁蒙引黄灌区农田排水沟渠水质特征

胡宜刚1,吴攀2,3,赵洋1,张志山1**,徐冰鑫1,3   

  1. (1中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所沙坡头沙漠试验研究站, 兰州 730000; 2中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所, 南京 210008; 3中国科学院大学, 北京 100049)
  • 出版日期:2013-07-10 发布日期:2013-07-10

Water quality of cropland drainage ditches in the Yellow River irrigation regions of Ningxia and Inner Mongolia, China.

HU Yi-gang1, WU Pan2,3, ZHAO Yang1, ZHANG Zhi-shan1**, XU Bing-xin1,3   

  1. (1Shapotou Desert Experiment and Research Station, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; 2Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; 3University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)
  • Online:2013-07-10 Published:2013-07-10

摘要: 黄河上游农业面源污染正在变成影响黄河水质的主要污染源,威胁到下游黄河流域水资源的安全利用。通过对宁蒙引黄灌区排水沟渠土壤和水质的调查,发现宁蒙灌区排水的pH、TN、TDS和NO3--N分别受不同排水沟渠、排水沟渠级别及二者互作的影响。内蒙古九排干排水的TDS和NO3--N浓度受排水时间影响显著,TN、TP、NH4+-N和COD浓度主要受排水时间、沟道级别及二者互相的影响。宁蒙灌区沟底底泥中的全盐含量明显低于边坡,而TN和TC平均是边坡土壤的1.2倍。内蒙古河套灌区沟底底泥中TN、TP和TC的增加比例是宁夏灌区的1.6、3.8和6.3倍。内蒙古河套灌区农田排水水质明显差于同期(8月)的宁夏灵武灌区,其TDS、TN、TP、NH4+-N和COD浓度是宁夏灵武灌区的3.2、2.5、28、10.0和1.5倍。宁蒙引黄灌区农田排水污染以氮含量超标为主,尤其以农沟和干沟为主,而磷浓度较低,基本不造成污染。内蒙古引黄灌区各主要排水时期,以8月农沟排水中氮超标和干沟排水中氮和磷污染程度最高。

关键词: 夏玉米, 产量, 氮平衡, 冬小麦, 硝态氮

Abstract: The agricultural non-point source pollution in the upper reaches of Yellow River is becoming the main pollution source of Yellow River, which threatens the safe use of water resources in the lower reaches of Yellow River basin. Through the investigation on the soil and water characteristics of cropland drainage ditches in the Yellow river irrigation regions of Ningxia and Inner Mongolia, it was found that there existed significant differences in pH and TN, TDS, and NO3--N concentrations of drained water among different drainage ditches and within different levels of drainage ditches. The TN, TP, NH4+-N, and COD concentrations of drained water were significantly affected by the drainage time, levels of drainage ditches, and their interactions. The total salt content in the bottom soil of the drainage ditches was obviously lower than that in the side slope soil, whereas the TN and TC contents in the side slope soil of the drainage ditches were 1.2 times higher than those in the bottom soil. The increased proportion of TN, TP, and TC contents in the bottom soil of the ditches relative to that in the side slope soil in Inner Mongolia irrigation region was 1.6, 3.8, and 6.3 times higher than the increased proportion in Ningxia irrigation region, respectively. The TN, TP, NH4+-N, and COD concentrations of drained water in Inner Mongolia in August were 3.2, 2.5, 2.8, 10.0, and 1.5 times more than those in Ningxia irrigation region, respectively. The nitrogen concentration in drained water was higher than the State Surface Water Standard of China, especially in the subfeeder and main drainage ditches in Ningxia and Inner Mongolia irrigation regions. The phosphorus concentration in drained water was relatively low, which hardly cause any pollution. During the main drainage periods in the irrigation region of Inner Mongolia, the nitrogen pollution of subfeeder and the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of main drainage ditches were most serious in August.

Key words: winter wheat, summer maize, nitrate nitrogen, yield, nitrogen balance.