土壤原生动物群落及其生态功能

摘要/Abstract

关键词: 气候变暖, 粮食安全, 温室气体, 生产力, 超级稻, 长江三角洲

Abstract: Soil protozoan is the third largest taxon in soil biota and an important biological regulator for soil organisms and biochemical activities because of its biodiversity predacity and enormous biomass in soil. Different trophic types such as photosynthetic autroph, saprotroph and predacity existed in protozoan. Since predation not only controls the bacteria community but also stimulate nutrient transformation and carbon cycling, the study on protozoan community structure and ecological function is one of the bases for elucidating the soil fertility. The article reviewed the research progresses in protozoan community, trophic types, ecological function and application in soil.

Key words: climate warming, food security, greenhouse gas, productivity, super-rice, Yangtze Delta

高云超, 朱文珊, 陈文新. 土壤原生动物群落及其生态功能[J]. 生态学杂志, 2000, (1): 59-65.

Gao Yunchao, Zhu Wenshan, Chen Wenxin. Structure of the Protozoan Community in Soil and its Ecological Functions[J]. cje, 2000, (1): 59-65.

参考文献

[1] Ritz, K.et al.Boyond the bimass: comositional and functional analysis of soil mircrobial communities.Johson Wiley & Sons, 1994.
[2] Bamforth, S.S.Terrestrial protozoa.J .Protozool.1980, 27(1):33-36.
[3] Coloman, D.C.Throughapeddarkly: ecological assessment of root - soil - faunal interactions.in” Ecological interactions in soil: plant, microbes and animals(eds.Fitter, Atkinson, Read and Usher), Blackwell Scientific Publications.1985.1-22.
[4] England, L.S.et al.Bacterial surrival in soil effect of clays end protozoa soil.Biol.Biochem., 1993, 25(5):525-531.
[5] Bamforth, S.S.Symposium on “Protozoan ecology”: The role of protozoa in litters and soils.J.Protozool., 1985, 32(3):404-409.
[6] Pratt, J.R.and J.Cairs.Functional groups in the protozoa: roles in differing ecosystems.J.Protozcol., 1985, 32(3):415-423.
[7] Clarholm, M.Effects of plant- bacterialamoebal interactions on plant uptake of nitrogen under field conditions.Biol.Fertil.Soils., 1989, 8:373-378.
[8] Coleman, D.C.et al.Trophic interactions in soils as they effect energy and nutrient dynamics.Ⅳ, flows of metabolic end biomass carbon.Microbial Ecology, 1978, 4:373-380.
[9] Cole, C.V.et al.Trophic interactions in soils as they affect energy and nutrient dynamics.V, phosphorus transformations.Microbial Ecology, 1978, 4:381-387.
[10] Woods, L.E.et al.Nitrogen transformations in soil as affected by bacterial - microfaunal interactions.SoilBiol.Biochem.,1982, 14:93-98.
[11] Kuikman, P.J.and J.A.Van Veen.The impact of protozoa on the avaitability of bacterial nitrogentoplant.Biol.Fertil.Soils, 1989, 8:13-18.
[12] Foissner, W.Soil protozoa fundamental problems: ecological significance, bioindiators, and guide to the literature.Progress in Protistology, 1987, 2: 69-212.
[13] Clarholm, M.Possible roles for root, bacteria, protozoa and fungi in supplying nitrogen to plant.In “Ecological interactiona in soil: plant, microbes and animals (eds.Fitter, Atkinson, Read and Usher)”, Blackwell Scientific Publications.1985.335-366.
[14] Levine, N.D.etal.Anewlyrevised classification of the Protozoa.J.Protozool., 1980, 27(1):37-58.
[15] Bonnet, L.Le Peuplement thecamoebiens des sols.Rev.Ecol.Bior.Sol.1964,1:123-408.
[16] Darbyshire, J.F.andM.P.Greaves.Protozoa and bacteria in the rhizosphere of Sinapis alba L., Trifolium repens L.and Lolium perenne L., Can.J.Microbiol, 1967,13:1057-1068.
[17] Ho, W.C.and W.H.Ko.Characteristics of soil micrlbiozstasis.Soil Biol.Biochem., 1982, 14:589-593.
[18] Cutler, D.W.The action of protozoa on bacteria when immoculated into sterile soil.Ann Appl.Biol., 1923, 10:137-141.
[19] Singh, B.N.Selectivity in bacteral food by soil amoebae in pure and mixed cultures and in sterilized soil.Ann.Appl.Sci., 1941, 28: 52.
[20] Russell, E.J.and Hutchinson, H.B.The effect of partial sterilisation of soil on the production of plant food.J.Agric.Sci., 1909,3:111-141.
[21] Danso, S.K.and M.Alexander.Regulation of predation by prey density: the protozoanrhizobiurn relatonship.Applied Micrlbiology, 1975, 29(4):515-521.
[22] Heynen, C.E.et al.Dynamics of Rhizobium leguminosarurn Biovar.Trifolii intrlduced into soil: the effect of bentonite clay on predation by protozoa.Soil Biol.Bilchem., 1988, 20(4):483-488.
[23] Clarholm, M.Protozoan grazing of bacteria in soil - impact and importance.Microbial Ecol., 1981, 7:343-350.
[24] Campell, R.Microbial Ecology.Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.1983.
[25] Wool, M.Soil Biology.Cbaprnan and Hall, New York.1988.
[26] Vargas, R.and T.Hattori.Protozoan predation of bacterial cell in soil aggregates.FEMS.Microbiology Ecology, 1986, 38:233-242.
[27] Casida, L.E.Protozoan response to the addition of bacterial predators and other bacteria to soil.Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1989, 55: 1857-1859.
[28] Heijnen, C.E.et al.Protection of rhizobium by bentonite clay against predation by flagellates in liquid cultures.FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 1991, 85:65-72.
[29] Fenchel, T.Supension feeding in cilliated protozoa: functional response and particle size selection.Micmbioal Ecology, 1980, 6:1-11.
[30] Holt, J.G.The Shorter Vergey' s Mannual of Determinative Bacteriology.8th edn, The williams & Wilkins, Baltimore.1997.
[31] Singh, B.N.Soil protozoa and their probable role in soil fertility.Bull.Nat.Inst.Sci.India, 1964, 26: 238-244.
[32] Nikolyuk, V.Some aspects of the study of soil protozoa.Acta Protozool.1969, 7:99-109.
[33] Petz, W.et al.Culture food selection and growth rate in the mycophagous cilliates Grossglockneria acuta Foissner, 1980: first evidence of autochthonous soil ciliates.Soil Biol.Biochem.1985, 17:871-875.
[34] Stout, J.D.The protozoan fauna of a seasonally inundated soil under grassland.Soil Biol.Biochem.1984, 16:121-125.
[35] Bamforth, S.S.Microbial distributionins in Arizona deserts and woodlands.SoilBiol.Biochem.1984, 16:133-137.
[36] Bonnet, L.Thecamoebiens rhizopod testacea et potentialites trullieres des sols, Nouvelles donnces.Mushroom Sci., 1978,10:1013 - 1038.
[37] Elliott, E.T.and D.C.Coleman.Soil protozoan dynamics in a shortgrass prairie.Soil Biol.Biochem.1977, 9:113-118.
[38] Couteaux, M.M.L' effet de la deforestation Sur Le Peuplement thecamoebien en Guyane franncaise: etude preliminaire.Revue Ecol.Biol.Sol., 1979, 16:403-413.
[39] Martyniuk, S.and .G.H.Wagner.Quantative and qualitative examination of soil microflora associated with differed management systems.Soil Sci., 1978, 125:343-350.
[40] Sudzuki, M.Some approaches to the estimation of the biomass for microfauna communities.Ⅲ, Individual density and presumable biomass of the microbioat inhabiting terrestrial ecosystems in a subtropical island, named Iriomote Irma.In “Biomass of Animals of Terrestrial Eoosystems in Japan”.Environmental Agency, Tokyo.1979.213-241.
[41] Singh, B, N.The effect of artificial fertilizers and dung on the numbers of amoebae in Rothamsted soils.J.Gen.Microbial., 1949, 3:204-210.
[42] Berger, H.et al.Morphological variation and comparative analysis of morphogenesis in Parakahliella macrostoma ( Foissner, 1982 ) nov.gen.and Histriculus muscorum( Kahl, 1932) ( Ciliophora, Hypotrichida), Protistologyca, 1985, 21:295-311.
[43] Gregory, W.W.Jr.et al.Accumulation of parathion and DDT by some algae and protozoa.J.Protozool., 1969,16:69-71.
[44] Dive.D.etal.Thiram toxicity to non- target otganisms: a comparative study with protozoan and mammalian cells.Environ.Pollut.Ser.A., 1984, 36:121-131.
[45] Saxena, D.M.et al.Mode of action of allkylating agents using a ciliate protozoan as a model system.Ⅵ.Inhaibition of synthesis of macromolecules by Metepa in Tetrahymena pyriforms (Ciliata).Arch.Protistenk.1982.126,339-353.
[46] Deshmukh, V.A.andJ.G.Shrikhande.Effect of herbicides on protozoa in the soil.Indian J.Micrlbiol., 1974,14:273.