控释复合肥和播种量对机械旱直播水稻产量形成的影响

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202207.022

生态学杂志 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (9): 1700-1707.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202207.022

控释复合肥和播种量对机械旱直播水稻产量形成的影响

袁嫚嫚¹,孙义祥^1*,钟成虎²,王家宝¹,邬刚¹,胡鹏³,张祥明¹,王文军¹,井玉丹¹

（¹养分循环与资源环境安徽省重点实验室（安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所），合肥 230031； ²安徽茂施农业科技有限公司，安徽青阳 242800； ³巢湖市农业技术推广中心，合肥 238000）

出版日期:2022-09-10 发布日期:2022-09-02

Effects of controlledrelease compound fertilizer application and seeding rate on growth and yield of mechanically dry direct-seeded rice.

YUAN Man-man¹, SUN Yi-xiang^1*, ZHONG Cheng-hu², WANG Jia-bao¹, WU Gang¹, HU Peng³, ZHANG Xiang-ming¹, WANG Wen-jun¹, JING Yu-dan¹#br#

#br#

(¹Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling, Resources and Environment of Anhui, Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; ²Anhui Moith Agricultural Technology Limited Liability Company, Qingyang 242800, Anhui, China; ³Agricultural Technology Extension Center in Chaohu, Hefei 238000, China).

Online:2022-09-10 Published:2022-09-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为明确机械旱直播下控释复合肥和播种量对水稻生长和产量的影响，以籼稻和粳稻品种为供试材料，连续3年开展了田间大区试验研究。每个水稻品种分别设置3个处理：一次性施控释复合肥处理（OTA）、一次性施控释复合肥+增加播种量处理（OTA+S）和农民习惯施肥处理（FPP）。结果表明：与农民习惯施肥处理相比，机械旱直播下供试籼稻和粳稻的2个控释复合肥处理显著提高了水稻产量，增幅相近，平均分别为8.9%和8.8%；一次性施控释复合肥处理与增加播种量的一次性控释复合肥处理产量差异不显著。同样，2个控释复合肥处理提高了水稻群体的成穗率、地上部和根生物量、根冠比、收获指数和单株生物量，但同种品种下这些指标在2个控释复合肥处理间差异不显著。一次性施控释复合肥处理比农民习惯施肥处理降低了水稻总氮素积累量，但显著增加了氮、磷、钾肥偏生产力。2个控释复合肥处理的净利润均高于农民习惯施肥处理，其中OTA的净利润最高，籼稻OTA比FPP净利润增加了41.1%，粳稻OTA比FPP净利润增加了57.0%。因此，机械旱直播下一次性施控释复合肥可以促进水稻增产，节肥省工，提高水稻种植的经济效益，具有广泛的应用前景。

关键词: 机械旱直播稻, 控释复合肥, 产量, 物质积累, 肥料偏生产力

Abstract: A field experiment was carried out over three years to clarify the effects of mechanized direct dry seeding in drill with controlled-release formula fertilizer and seeding rate on growth and yield of rice, with indica and japonica rice varieties being used. There were three treatments with a one-time application of controlled-release compound fertilizer (OTA), one-time application of controlled-release compound fertilizer with increased seeding rate (OTA+S), and three-time fertilization, representing typical farmer fertilization practices (FFP). The results showed that the yields of indica and japonica were 8.9% and 8.8% higher on average, respectively, under the two controlled-release compound fertilizer treatments (OTA, OTA+S) than that under FFP over the three years, but with no significant difference between OTA and OTA+S treatments. In addition, the effective tiller percentage, shoot and root biomass, root-shoot ratio, and harvest index of the population and the biomass per individual of Indica and Japonica were improved under the two controlled-release compound fertilizer treatments. There were no significant differences in the above parameters between the two controlled-release compound fertilizer treatments for the same variety. Both indica and japonica under FFP treatment had higher total N accumulation but lower fertilizer partial productivity than that under the two controlled-release compound fertilizer treatments. The net benefits of both varieties under the two controlled-release compound fertilizer treatments were higher than those under FFP. The net benefit of indica under OTA was 41.1% higher than that under FFP, while that of japonica under OTA was 57.0% higher than that under FFP. Therefore, mechanicaldirect seeding through drilling combined with one-time application of controlled-release compound fertilizer could increase rice yields, reduce fertilizer and labor costs, and increase the economic benefits of rice production, with wide application prospects.

Key words: mechanically dry direct-seeded rice, controlled-release compound fertilizer, yield, matter accumulation, partial fertilizer productivity.

袁嫚嫚, 孙义祥, 钟成虎, 王家宝, 邬刚, 胡鹏, 张祥明, 王文军, 井玉丹. 控释复合肥和播种量对机械旱直播水稻产量形成的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2022, 41(9): 1700-1707.

YUAN Man-man, SUN Yi-xiang, ZHONG Cheng-hu, WANG Jia-bao, WU Gang, HU Peng, ZHANG Xiang-ming, WANG Wen-jun, JING Yu-dan. Effects of controlledrelease compound fertilizer application and seeding rate on growth and yield of mechanically dry direct-seeded rice.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2022, 41(9): 1700-1707.

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控释复合肥和播种量对机械旱直播水稻产量形成的影响

Effects of controlledrelease compound fertilizer application and seeding rate on growth and yield of mechanically dry direct-seeded rice.

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