石油污灌土壤污染物的残留与生态毒理

生态学杂志 ›› 2004, Vol. ›› Issue (5): 61-66.

石油污灌土壤污染物的残留与生态毒理

宋玉芳^1,2, 周启星^1,2, 宋雪英^1,3, 张薇^1,3

1. 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所陆地生态过程重点实验室, 沈阳, 110016;
2. 沈阳大学沈阳环境工程重点实验室, 沈阳, 100041;
3. 中国科学院研究生院, 北京, 100019

收稿日期:2004-02-12 修回日期:2004-04-20 出版日期:2004-10-10
通讯作者: 宋玉芳,女,1954年10月生,博士,研究员.从事陆地生态系统污染生态学研究,发表论文50余篇.
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重点项目(20337170);国家自然科学基金项目(20077029,20277041);沈阳大学沈阳环境工程重点实验室基金;中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所海外留学基金资助项目

Pollutants residue in soil and the eco-toxicity after irrigation with petroleum wastewater

SONG Yufang^1,2, ZHOU Qixing^1,2, SONG Xueying^1,3, ZHANG Wei^1,3

1. Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering of Shenyang, Shenyang University, Shenyang 100041, China;
3. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100019, China

Received:2004-02-12 Revised:2004-04-20 Online:2004-10-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 土壤样品采自沈阳东部石油污水灌渠的上、中、下游。进行了污染物(Cd、矿物油)含量分析和生态毒性试验。重金属采用原子吸收分光光度仪测定,矿物油采用紫外分光光度计测定。生态毒性试验分别参照国际标准组织(ISO)和OECD指南,进行了植物毒性试验和蚯蚓毒性试验。植物试验以小麦种子发芽根伸长抑制率为试验终点,试验周期50h,蚯蚓毒性试验以蚯蚓死亡率和体重增长抑制率为试验终点,试验周期28d。结果表明,所有土壤均有矿物油积累,含量为66.22～1391.14mg·kg^-1,重金属Cd略高于土壤背景值,含量为0.06～0.37mg·kg^-1。然而,土壤对高等植物表现有不同程度的生长刺激效应,对蚯蚓有急性致死及慢性亚致死效应。种子发芽根伸长抑制率为-28.61%～-54.65%,蚯蚓28d死亡率最大值为10%。蚯蚓14d和28d体重增长抑制率分别为-5.13%～-28.05%和-31.78%～80.8%。研究表明,长期石油污水灌溉土壤中矿物油的低积累和较明显的生态毒性。

关键词: 茶条槭, 山梨, 五角槭, 山荆子, 土壤镉污染, 生长反应, 抗性

Abstract: Soil samples were collected from several sites in the up,middle and dowstream along the petrol-wastewater irrigation channel,eastern Shenyang.Concentrations of heavy metals (Cd) and mineral oil were analyzed.The eco-toxicity of soil was evaluated.Heavy metals (Cd) were determined by AAS (atom adsorption spectrometer),mineral oil was measured by UVspectrometer.The eco-toxicity of soil was based on the method of international standardization of organization (ISO) and OECDguideline with some modification.With inhibition rates of root elongation of wheat as endpoint' seed germination test was performed and the duration period was 50h.With mortality rate and inhibition rate of weight growth as endpoint' earthworms test was conducted and the experimental period was 28d.Results showed that all soil tested have low accumulation of mineral oil measured with concentration of 66.22～1391.14 mg·kg^-1.Cd was slightly higher than the background value with content of 0.06～0.37mg·kg^-1.Soil showed a strong stimulation effect on root elongation of plant,and a lethal and sub-lethal effect on earthworms was observed.The stimulation rate of root elongation based on germination test was -28.61% to -54.65%.The mortality rates of earthworms at maximum were stimulated and then 10%.The body weight growth were stimulated and then inhibited from -5.13% to -28.05% in 14d,and -31.78% to 8.08% in< 28d.Study indicated that long-term of irrigation with petroleum wastewater resulted in the low residue of mineral oil and observed eco-toxicity.

Key words: Acer ginnala, Pyrus ussuriensis, Acer mono, Malus baccata, Soil Cd contamination, Growth response, Tolerance

中图分类号:

X171.5

宋玉芳, 周启星, 宋雪英, 张薇. 石油污灌土壤污染物的残留与生态毒理[J]. 生态学杂志, 2004, (5): 61-66.

SONG Yufang, ZHOU Qixing, SONG Xueying, ZHANG Wei. Pollutants residue in soil and the eco-toxicity after irrigation with petroleum wastewater[J]. cje, 2004, (5): 61-66.

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