小型哺乳动物的母体效应及其在种群调节中的作用

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 母体效应是指双亲的表型影响其后代表型的直接效应.它是子代对环境异质性的一种表型反应,亦是进化动力的一个重要来源,还可能与小型哺乳动物种群调节机制有关.以小型哺乳动物为例,介绍了母体效应的概念及其产生和发展过程,以及影响母体效应的营养和非营养因素,特别强调了光周期和激素的作用.在种群水平上,对度量母体效应的备选指标进行了评价,认为种群内个体的平均体重能较好地代表种群质量的高低;概述了衰老母体效应假说的主要内容及其在小型哺乳动物种群动态调节中的作用,即在种群数量的周期性波动过程中,母体质量的变化会影响后代的生殖和存活,甚至持续达2～3个世代,它与由种群年龄结构偏移所导致的衰老效应共同起作用,可使某些小型哺乳动物种群处于低数量期.本文还对母体效应的进化适应意义进行了阐述.

关键词: 石油烃污染, 稻田土壤, 污水灌溉, 微生物种群, 土壤酶活性

Abstract: Maternal effect refers to parental phenotypes having a direct influence on their offspring phenotype.It is a phenotypic response of maternal offspring to different environmental conditions and an important source of evolutionary dynamics.It might be related to the population cycles of some small mammals.This paper introduced the development of the concept of maternal effect and the factors of nutrition and non-nutrition which influenced its performance.We focused on the role of photoperiod and hormone manipulation.At the population level,some measurement indexes were reviewed and the average individual mass was considered to be a proper candidate as the reflection of population mass.The main content of senescence-maternal effect hypothesis was summarized and its relationship with population dynamics was explicated.For small mammals,some evidences of both experimental manipulation and field studies showed that the changes of maternal mass might played an important role in periodical population fluctuations.The hypothesis focused on individual heterogeneity and highlighted the changes of physiology among individuals.It proposed that the changes of maternal mass miqht affect the reproduction and survival of its offspring and this effect could last for 2 to 3 generations.Maternal effect combined with the senescence effect could interpret the phenomenon of population cycles in some small mammals.The evolutionary and adaptive implications of maternal effects were also discussed.

Key words: Petroleum hydrocarbon contamination, Wastewater irrigation, Paddy soil, Microbial population, Soil enzyme activity

中图分类号:

Q958

张志强, 王德华. 小型哺乳动物的母体效应及其在种群调节中的作用[J]. 生态学杂志, 2005, (7): 812-816.

ZHANG Zhiqiang, WANG Dehua . Maternal effect and its role in population regulation of small mammals[J]. cje, 2005, (7): 812-816.

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