秸秆带状覆盖配施菌肥对极端干旱下糯高粱耗水特征及产量的影响

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202608.009

生态学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (8): 2654-2664.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202608.009

秸秆带状覆盖配施菌肥对极端干旱下糯高粱耗水特征及产量的影响

陈玉章^1,2,陈明阳^1,2,刘鑫^1,2,李瑞^1,2,王力成^1,2*

（¹四川轻化工大学食品与酿酒工程学院，四川宜宾 644005； ²四川省酿酒专用粮工程技术研究中心，四川宜宾 644005）

出版日期:2026-08-10 发布日期:2026-08-17

Effects of straw strip mulching combined with microbial fertilizer on water consumption characteristics and yield of waxy sorghum under extreme drought.

CHEN Yuzhang^1,2, CHEN Mingyang^1,2, LIU Xin^1,2, LI Rui^1,2, WANG Licheng^1,2*

(¹School of Food and Liquor Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin 644005, Sichuan, China; ²Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Liquor-Making Grains, Yibin 644005, Sichuan, China).

Online:2026-08-10 Published:2026-08-17

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在气候变化背景下，极端干旱已成为旱地农业面临的主要水分瓶颈。本研究于严重干旱年份，以“宜五红4号”糯高粱为材料，设置秸秆带状覆盖（SSM）、SSM+常规微生物菌肥（MSM）、SSM+生物炭基菌肥（BSM）及平作无覆盖（NM）4个处理开展大田试验。结果表明：与NM相比，SSM、MSM和BSM处理在糯高粱拔节至成熟期，1 m土体内土壤平均贮水量显著增加21.8 mm（增幅9.0%），农田总耗水量降低30.8 mm（降幅8.5%），不仅优化了耗水结构，还减少土壤贮水消耗量28.9～31.9 mm，且耗水量减少主要集中在浅表层（20 cm以上）和深土层（60 cm以下）。菌肥增施可进一步强化SSM的保墒效应，MSM、BSM在拔节至孕穗期土壤贮水量较SSM显著增加3.1%～4.9%，促进株高、叶片、茎粗及生物量等营养生长指标发育，显著提高穗粒数41.5%～55.6%，增加穗粒重18.2%～32.5%，最终实现产量增加21.8%～27.7%，水分利用效率提升30.9%～39.4%，以BSM增产效果最优。在西南紫色土丘陵区，BSM可作为极端干旱情境下实现糯高粱节水、高产的优选栽培策略。

关键词: 极端干旱, 秸秆带状覆盖, 菌肥施用, 耗水特征, 糯高粱产量

Abstract: Against the backdrop of climate change, extreme drought has become the primary water constraint for agriculture in drylands. A field experiment was conducted in a severe drought year, using the waxy sorghum cultivar “Yiwuhong 4”. There were four treatments: straw strip mulching (SSM), SSM with conventional microbial fertilizer (MSM), SSM with biochar-based microbial fertilizer (BSM), and flat planting without mulching (NM) as the control. Results showed that the SSM, MSM, and BSM treatments significantly increased the average soil water storage in 1-m soil profile by 21.8 mm (a 9.0% increase) while decreased total water consumption by 30.8 mm (an 8.5% reduction) during the sorghum growth period from jointing to maturity. Moreover, these mulching treatments (SSM, MSM, BSM) optimized water consumption structure and reduced soil water depletion by 28.9-31.9 mm, with the majority of this reduction occurring in the shallow surface (0-20 cm) and deep soil layers (below 60 cm). The application of microbial fertilizer further enhanced soil moisture conservation effect of SSM. Compared to SSM alone, the MSM and BSM treatments significantly increased soil water storage by 3.1%-4.9% during the jointing to booting stage. This enhanced water status promoted vegetative growth (plant height, leaf area, stem diameter, and biomass), driving substantial increases in grains per spike (41.5%-55.6%) and grain weight per spike (18.2%-32.5%). Ultimately, these treatments achieved yield increases by 21.8%-27.7% and improved water use efficiency by 30.9%-39.4%, with BSM performing best. Thus, BSM is the recommended practice for water-saving, high-yield sorghum production under extreme drought in the hilly purple soil areas of southwest China.

Key words: extreme drought, straw strip mulching, microbial fertilizer application, water consumption characteristics, waxy sorghum yield

陈玉章, 陈明阳, 刘鑫, 李瑞, 王力成. 秸秆带状覆盖配施菌肥对极端干旱下糯高粱耗水特征及产量的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2026, 45(8): 2654-2664.

CHEN Yuzhang, CHEN Mingyang, LIU Xin, LI Rui, WANG Licheng. Effects of straw strip mulching combined with microbial fertilizer on water consumption characteristics and yield of waxy sorghum under extreme drought.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2026, 45(8): 2654-2664.

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秸秆带状覆盖配施菌肥对极端干旱下糯高粱耗水特征及产量的影响

Effects of straw strip mulching combined with microbial fertilizer on water consumption characteristics and yield of waxy sorghum under extreme drought.

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