塔里木河流域植物多样性分布格局及其影响因素

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202607.025

生态学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (7): 2204-2211.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202607.025

塔里木河流域植物多样性分布格局及其影响因素

杨雅琴^1,2,田奥磊^1,2,青献东³,蒋金凤³,玉米提·哈力克^1,2*

（¹新疆大学生态与环境学院，乌鲁木齐 830017； ²绿洲生态教育部重点实验室，乌鲁木齐 830017； ³新疆若羌县林业和草原局，新疆若羌 841800）

出版日期:2026-07-10 发布日期:2026-07-10

Distribution pattern of plant diversity in the Tarim River basin and its influencing factors.

YANG Yaqin^1,2, TIAN Aolei^1,2, QING Xiandong³, JIANG Jinfeng³, HALIK müt^1,2*

(¹College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China; ²Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology of Ministry of Education, Urumqi 830017, China; ³Ruoqiang County Forestry and Grassland Bureau, Ruoqiang 841800, Xinjiang, China).

Online:2026-07-10 Published:2026-07-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 塔里木河流域植物多样性的研究对区域生态恢复评估具有重要意义。然而，当前研究多集中于下游生态输水区的植被恢复状况，缺乏对全流域植物多样性分布格局及其影响因素的综合分析。本研究在塔里木河上、中、下游段设置植物调查样方，采用样方调查和土壤理化性质测定相结合的方法，探究塔里木河干流植物多样性分布特征及其影响因素。结果表明：（1）在上、中、下游设置的7个50 m×50 m样方内，共记录8科13属13种植物，植物多样性分布整体表现为上游>中游>下游，但下游段临近大西海子水库的样方内植物多样性指数相对较高；（2）冗余分析和典型相关性分析表明，土壤理化性质直接影响植物多样性分布格局；土壤含水率的均值变化与植物多样性变化趋势一致；除土壤全磷外，土壤总盐、全碳和全氮含量也呈现出类似变化规律；（3）人工生态输水工程有效改善了塔里木河下游的土壤环境，促进了流域植物多样性的恢复，同时也凸显出上、中、下游生态恢复的空间不均衡性。本研究深化了对塔里木河流域植物多样性分布规律及其影响因素的认识，为下游人工生态输水的成效评估提供理论依据。

关键词: 植物多样性, 土壤理化性质, 塔里木河, 人工输水

Abstract: Understanding plant diversity in the Tarim River Basin is of great significance for the assessment of regional ecological restoration. However, current studies mostly focused on vegetation restoration in the downstream ecological water conveyance area, lacking a comprehensive analysis of the distribution pattern of plant diversity and its influencing factors across the entire basin. In this study, combining field survey with the measurement of soil physicochemical properties, we investigated the distribution patterns of plant diversity and its influencing factors along the Tarim River. The results showed that: (1) Among the seven plots (50 m×50 m) established along the upper, middle, and lower reaches, a total of 13 plant species, belonging to 13 genera and 8 families, were recorded. The overall plant diversity distribution followed a pattern of upper reaches > middle reaches > lower reaches. Plots near the Daxihaizi Reservoir in the lower reaches exhibited relatively high plant diversity indices. (2) Results of redundancy analysis (RDA) and canonical correlation analysis (CCA) revealed that soil physicochemical properties directly governed the distribution of plant diversity. The mean variation of soil water content was consistent with the change trend of plant diversity. Except for total soil phosphorus (TP), the contents of total salt (TS), total carbon (TC), and total nitrogen (TN) exhibited similar variation patterns. (3) The artificial ecological water conveyance project effectively improved soil environment in the lower reaches of the Tarim River and promoted the restoration of plant diversity in the basin, while also highlighted the spatial imbalance of ecological restoration in the upper, middle, and lower reaches. This study deepens the understanding of the distribution pattern of plant diversity and its influencing factors in the Tarim River Basin, providing a theoretical basis for the effectiveness evaluation of the artificial ecological water conveyance scheme in the lower reaches.

Key words: plant diversity, soil physicochemical property, Tarim River, artificial ecological water conveyance

杨雅琴, 田奥磊, 青献东, 蒋金凤, 玉米提·哈力克. 塔里木河流域植物多样性分布格局及其影响因素[J]. 生态学杂志, 2026, 45(7): 2204-2211.

YANG Yaqin, TIAN Aolei, QING Xiandong, JIANG Jinfeng, HALIK müt. Distribution pattern of plant diversity in the Tarim River basin and its influencing factors.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2026, 45(7): 2204-2211.

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塔里木河流域植物多样性分布格局及其影响因素

Distribution pattern of plant diversity in the Tarim River basin and its influencing factors.

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