沙滩国家森林公园人工云杉林草本植物生态位、种间关联性与物种共现网络

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202602.020

生态学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (2): 511-520.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202602.020

沙滩国家森林公园人工云杉林草本植物生态位、种间关联性与物种共现网络

尉文^1,2,李波^1,2,齐瑞^1,2,哈雪梅^1,2,高本强^1,2,李真真³,刘婷^1,2,赵艳丽^1,2,赵阳^1,2,4*

（¹甘肃省白龙江林业科学研究所，兰州 730046； ²甘肃白龙江森林生态系统定位观测研究站，甘肃舟曲 746300； ³甘肃省生态资源监测中心，兰州 730000； ⁴甘肃农业大学林学院，兰州 730010）

出版日期:2026-02-10 发布日期:2026-08-01

Niche, interspecific associations, and species co-occurrence networks of herbaceous plants in a Picea asperata plantation in Shatan National Forest Park, Gansu Province.

YU Wen^1,2, LI Bo^1,2, QI Rui^1,2, HA Xuemei^1,2, GAO Benqiang^1,2, LI Zhenzhen³, LIU Ting^1,2, ZHAO Yanli^1,2, ZHAO Yang^1,2,4*

(¹Forestry Science Institute of Bailongjiang River in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730046, China; ²National Positioning Observation and Research Station of Bailongjiang Forest Ecosystem in Gansu Province, Zhouqu 746300, Gansu, China; ³Gansu Monitoring Center for Ecological Resource, Lanzhou 730000, China; ⁴College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730010, China).

Online:2026-02-10 Published:2026-08-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 草本植物作为森林生态系统的重要组成部分，对森林植被恢复和生物多样性的提升具有重要意义。研究人工林草本植物的生态位、种间关系和物种共现网络，有助于了解人工云杉林群落动态以及物种对资源的利用情况。本研究以重要值（IV）大于1的25个草本植物为研究对象，对其生态位宽度、生态位重叠、总体联结性、种间关联性和物种共现网络进行研究。结果表明：重要值与生态位宽度之间的关系是不确定的，人工云杉林草本植物生态位重叠指数平均值为0.309，总体重叠程度较低。林下草本植物总体呈极显著正联结性。Pearson相关检验、Spearman秩相关检验中，正负关联比和检验显著率分别为0.65、0.66和19.67%、42.33%，绝大多数物种之间无显著关联性。物种共现网络分析显示，群落具有明显的模块化结构（模块化指数=0.538，7个模块），连接度较低（连接度=0.1），其中四川婆婆纳（Veronica szechuanica）和星叶草（Circaeaster agrestis）作为关键种在群落中起重要连接作用。Pearson相关系数、Spearman秩相关系数与生态位重叠指数均呈极显著正相关。由此可知，人工云杉林草本植物生态位重叠指数较低，种间关联整体较弱，多数物种呈独立分布格局，群落具有显著的模块化结构但整体连接度较低，处于演替的早期阶段，群落结构不稳定。因此，在人工云杉林的经营管理中，可通过优先保护关键种及重要功能群代表种来提高群落稳定性。研究结果为人工云杉林的经营管理提供了思路和理论参考。

关键词: 人工云杉林, 草本植物, 生态位, 物种共现网络

Abstract: As an important component of forest ecosystems, herbaceous plants are of great significance for vegetation restoration and the enhancement of biodiversity. Studying the niche, interspecific associations, and species co-occurrence networks of herbaceous plants in plantation forests helps to understand the community dynamics and resource utilization of Picea asperata plantation forests. In this study, we examined the niche breadth, niche overlap, overall association, interspecific associations, and species cooccurrence networks of 25 herbaceous plant species with an importance value (IV) greater than 1. The results showed that the relationship between importance values and niche breadths was uncertain. The average niche overlap index was 0.309, indicating a low overlap of herbaceous plants in the Picea asperata plantation. The understory herbaceous plants showed a highly significant overall positive association. With the Pearson correlation test and Spearman rank correlation test, the positive-to-negative association ratios were 0.65 and 0.66, and test significance rates were 19.67% and 42.33%, respectively. There was no significant association among most species. The species co-occurrence network analysis revealed a distinct modular structure (modularity=0.538 with 7 modules), with low overall connectivity (connectivity=0.1), where the keystone species (Veronica szechuanica and Circaeaster agrestis) served as critical hubs maintaining community connectivity. The Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman rank correlation coefficient had significantly positive correlation with niche overlap index. Consequently, herbaceous plants in Picea asperata plantations exhibited low niche overlap indices, weak overall interspecific associations, with most species showing independent distribution patterns. The community had a distinct modular structure but low overall connectivity, implying that it was in the early stage of succession with unstable community structure. Therefore, priority in the management of Picea asperata plantation forests should be given to protecting keystone species and representative species of important functional groups to enhance community stability. Our results provide insights and theoretical references for the management of these plantations.

Key words: Picea asperata plantation forest, herbaceous plant, niche, species co-occurrence network

尉文, 李波, 齐瑞, 哈雪梅, 高本强, 李真真, 刘婷, 赵艳丽, 赵阳. 沙滩国家森林公园人工云杉林草本植物生态位、种间关联性与物种共现网络[J]. 生态学杂志, 2026, 45(2): 511-520.

YU Wen, LI Bo, QI Rui, HA Xuemei, GAO Benqiang, LI Zhenzhen, LIU Ting, ZHAO Yanli, ZHAO Yang. Niche, interspecific associations, and species co-occurrence networks of herbaceous plants in a Picea asperata plantation in Shatan National Forest Park, Gansu Province.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2026, 45(2): 511-520.

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沙滩国家森林公园人工云杉林草本植物生态位、种间关联性与物种共现网络

Niche, interspecific associations, and species co-occurrence networks of herbaceous plants in a Picea asperata plantation in Shatan National Forest Park, Gansu Province.

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