晋西黄土区油松人工林空间结构与水文效应的关系

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202505.019

生态学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (5): 1417-1426.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202505.019

晋西黄土区油松人工林空间结构与水文效应的关系

唐鹏¹,张建军^1,2,3,4*,赵炯昌¹,胡亚伟¹,李阳¹,王思淇¹,卫朝阳¹

（¹北京林业大学水土保持学院，北京 100083； ²山西吉县森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站，山西吉县 042200； ³北京林业大学水土保持国家林业和草原局重点实验室，北京 100083； ⁴北京林业大学林业生态工程教育部工程研究中心，北京 100083）

出版日期:2025-06-10 发布日期:2025-05-07

Relationship between spatial structure and hydrological effect of Pinus tabuliformis plantation in the loess region of western Shanxi Province.

TANG Peng¹, ZHANG Jianjun^1,2,3,4*, ZHAO Jiongchang¹, HU Yawei¹, LI Yang¹, WANG Siqi¹, WEI Zhaoyang¹

(¹School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; ²Jixian National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Jixian 042200, Shanxi, China; ³Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; ⁴Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China).

Online:2025-06-10 Published:2025-05-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究林分空间结构与林冠层、枯落物层及土壤层水文效应的关系对森林经营管理和涵养水源功能的可持续发挥具有重要意义。本文以山西吉县蔡家川小流域6种林分密度（1000、1800、2700、3600、4400、5200株·hm^-2）的油松人工林为对象，分析了林分角尺度、大小比数、开敞度、竞争指数、林层指数等空间结构参数与林冠层、枯落物层和土壤层水文效应的关系。结果表明：油松人工林密度为1000株·hm^-2时整体空间结构相对最优，林木间竞争较弱，开敞度较大，有利于形成更高更复杂的林冠结构和胸径优势木占比较高的林分，且密度越大，空间结构越差；密度为1000株·hm^-2时油松林冠截留量最大，为7.30 t·hm^-2，密度为2700株·hm^-2时枯落物蓄积量、枯落物最大拦蓄水量和0～100 cm土层最大持水量最大，分别为26.69 t·hm^-2、4.11 mm和52.33 mm，因此油松林分密度为2700株·hm^-2时，油松林冠层、枯落物层和土壤层水文效应综合评价指数最大；大小比数与枯落物层蓄积量、最大拦蓄量、土壤层最大持水量和毛管持水量呈显著负相关（P<0.05）；土壤非毛管持水量与开敞度呈显著正相关（P<0.05），与竞争指数呈显著负相关（P<0.05），大小比数、林层指数和开敞度是影响油松人工林水文效应的关键空间结构参数。

关键词: 油松, 人工林, 林分空间结构, 枯落物层, 土壤层, 水文效应

Abstract: Understanding the relationships between spatial structure of forest stand and the hydrological effects of canopy, litter and soil layers is important for the sustainable management and water conservation functioning of plantations. In this study, we analyzed the relationships between spatial structure parameters (angle scale, size ratio, openness, competition index, and canopy layer index) and the hydrological effects of canopy, litter and soil layers in Pinus tabuliformis plantations with six stand densities (1000, 1800, 2700, 3600, 4400, and 5200 trees·hm^-2) in Caijiachuan watershed in Jixian County, Shanxi Province. The results showed that Pinus tabuliformis plantation with a density of 1000 trees·hm^-2 exhibited the most optimal spatial structure, characterized by weaker competition among trees, higher openness, and a more complex canopy structure with a higher proportion of dominant trees. With increasing stand density, spatial structure deteriorated. At the density of 1000 trees·hm^-2, the maximum canopy interception was 7.30 t·hm^-2. At the density of 2700 trees·hm^-2, litter accumulation, the maximum litter water-holding capacity, and the maximum soil water-holding capacity (0-100 cm) were the highest, at 26.69 t·hm^-2, 4.11 mm, and 52.33 mm, respectively. Therefore, regulating stand density to 2700 trees·hm^-2 maximized the overall hydrological effect evaluation index for the canopy, litter, and soil layers. The size ratio was significantly negatively correlated with litter accumulation, maximum litter water-holding capacity, maximum soil water-holding capacity, and capillary water-holding capacity (P<0.05). Soil non-capillary water-holding capacity was significantly positively correlated with openness (P<0.05) and negatively correlated with competition index (P<0.05). The size ratio, canopy layer index, and openness were key spatial structure parameters affecting the hydrological effects of Pinus tabuliformis plantation.

Key words: Pinus tabuliformis, forest plantation, stand spatial structure, litter layer, soil layer, hydrological effect

唐鹏, 张建军, 赵炯昌, 胡亚伟, 李阳, 王思淇, 卫朝阳. 晋西黄土区油松人工林空间结构与水文效应的关系[J]. 生态学杂志, 2025, 44(5): 1417-1426.

TANG Peng, ZHANG Jianjun, ZHAO Jiongchang, HU Yawei, LI Yang, WANG Siqi, WEI Zhaoyang. Relationship between spatial structure and hydrological effect of Pinus tabuliformis plantation in the loess region of western Shanxi Province.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2025, 44(5): 1417-1426.

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晋西黄土区油松人工林空间结构与水文效应的关系

Relationship between spatial structure and hydrological effect of Pinus tabuliformis plantation in the loess region of western Shanxi Province.

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