钙基胡敏酸改性生物炭的制备及其对镉污染的修复

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202409.039

生态学杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (9): 2859-2870.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202409.039

钙基胡敏酸改性生物炭的制备及其对镉污染的修复

谭慧¹,王少锋¹,廉梅花²,曾祥峰³,贾永锋^3*

(¹大连理工大学环境学院，辽宁大连 116024； ²沈阳理工大学环境与化学工程学院，沈阳 110159； ³中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所，沈阳 110016)

出版日期:2024-09-10 发布日期:2024-09-18

Preparation of biochar modified by calcium and humic acid for cadmium pollution remediation.

TAN Hui¹, WANG Shaofeng¹, LIAN Meihua², ZENG Xiangfeng³, JIA Yongfeng^3*

(¹School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China; ²School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110159, China; ³Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China).

Online:2024-09-10 Published:2024-09-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生物炭是修复Cd污染土壤的常用材料，但效率总体不高。为提高生物炭对Cd²⁺的吸附性能，采用稻杆生物炭作为原材料，通过负载Ca²⁺和胡敏酸氧化浸渍对其进行活化改性，制备钙基胡敏酸改性生物炭材料。采用扫描电镜及能谱（SEM-EDS）、红外光谱（FTIR）、光电子能谱（XPS）对材料进行表征，并通过吸附实验和盆栽实验，探究钙基胡敏酸改性生物炭对Cd²⁺的吸附固定性能和机理。结果表明：（1）生物炭与胡敏酸质量比为1∶1，碱性石灰水中Ca²⁺浓度为1.5 g·L^-1的改性生物炭（RHB1-1）对Cd²⁺的吸附性能最佳，最大吸附容量为74.46 mg·g^-1，较改性前提高了61%；（2）钙基胡敏酸改性生物炭的表面酸性含氧官能团显著增加，并且新生成了游离态羟基，通过配位螯合、络合共离子交换作用，从而高效吸附Cd²⁺，吸附过程以化学吸附为主，符合Freundlich吸附等温模型；（3）钙基胡敏酸改性生物炭能够吸附固定土壤中Cd²⁺，促进Cd²⁺由酸可提取态转化为残渣态，降低了土壤Cd²⁺的生物有效性。

关键词: 生物炭, 胡敏酸, Ca²⁺, Cd²⁺

Abstract: Biochar is a commonly used material for remediation of cadmium contaminated soil, but its efficiency is not high. To improve the adsorption capacity of biochar for Cd²⁺, rice straw biochar was modified by loading Ca²⁺ and activating modification by humic acid oxidation impregnation. The materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Batch adsorption experiments and pot experiments were carried out to explore the adsorption fixation properties and mechanism of the materials for Cd²⁺. The results showed that: (1) The best adsorption performance was observed when the mass ratio of biochar to humic acid was 1∶1 and the concentration of Ca²⁺ was 1.5 g·L^-1 (referred to as RHB1-1), and the maximum adsorption capacity was 74.46 mg·g^-1, which was 61% higher than that of original biochar. (2) The content of acidic oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of calcium-humic acid modified biochar was significantly increased, and the free hydroxyl group was newly formed. Cd²⁺ was efficiently adsorbed by coordination chelation and complexation co-ion exchange. The adsorption of Cd²⁺ by calcium-humic acid modified biochar was mainly chemisorption, which was consistent with Freundlich adsorption isotherm model. (3) The materials can absorb Cd²⁺ in soil and promote the transformation of Cd²⁺ from an acid extractable state to a residual state, reducing the bioavailability of Cd²⁺ in soil.

Key words: biochar, humic acid, Ca²⁺, Cd²⁺

谭慧, 王少锋, 廉梅花, 曾祥峰, 贾永锋. 钙基胡敏酸改性生物炭的制备及其对镉污染的修复[J]. 生态学杂志, 2024, 43(9): 2859-2870.

TAN Hui, WANG Shaofeng, LIAN Meihua, ZENG Xiangfeng, JIA Yongfeng. Preparation of biochar modified by calcium and humic acid for cadmium pollution remediation.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2024, 43(9): 2859-2870.

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钙基胡敏酸改性生物炭的制备及其对镉污染的修复

Preparation of biochar modified by calcium and humic acid for cadmium pollution remediation.

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