顶坛花椒衰退对生长、结实和养分储存的影响

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202407.011

生态学杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (7): 2127-2133.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202407.011

顶坛花椒衰退对生长、结实和养分储存的影响

陈翠萍^1,2,周美玉¹,周朝彬^1,3,王景燕^2*,龚伟²

（¹遵义师范学院，贵州遵义 563006； ²四川农业大学林学院，林业生态工程省级重点实验室，成都 611130； ³遵义师范学院食品绿色化加工与营养调控工程研究所，贵州遵义 563006）

出版日期:2024-08-10 发布日期:2024-07-08

Effects of Zanthoxylum planispinum var. dintanensis decline on growth, fruiting, and nutrient storage.

CHEN Cuiping^1,2, ZHOU Meiyu¹, ZHOU Chaobin^1,3, WANG Jingyan^2*, GONG Wei²

(¹Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563006, Guizhou, China; ²Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; ³Institute of Food Green Processing and Nutrition Control Engineering, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563006, Guizhou, China).

Online:2024-08-10 Published:2024-07-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在黔西南喀斯特石漠化地区，顶坛花椒出现大量雄花分化，表明无融合生殖为主的顶坛花椒人工林出现了衰退现象，然而其生长、结实以及养分特征尚不清楚。本研究以贵州省关岭县顶坛花椒为对象，测定了正常开雌花植株（Np）与衰退雄花植株（Dp）新梢生长、各器官生物量以及养分含量特征，分析了衰退对资源在生长、养分储存和生殖间分配的影响。结果表明，Np的果实生物量显著高于Dp（P<0.05），一年生枝和叶片生物量显著低于Dp（P<0.05）。雄花芽中氮、磷、钙及可溶性蛋白含量显著低于雌花芽（P<0.05），花芽中钙含量与氮、磷、钾和镁含量呈显著负相关（P<0.01）。雌花序长度显著高于雄花序（P<0.05），Np的新梢长度及单位多年生结果母枝上新梢抽生数量显著低于Dp（P<0.05），尽管Np根系和枝干养分含量显著高于Dp（P<0.05），但种子粗蛋白却显著低于Dp（P<0.05）。本研究表明，开雄花的顶坛花椒显著改变资源在生长、结实和养分储存间的分配，反映该植物对石漠化区域养分胁迫环境的适应。

关键词: 顶坛花椒, 衰退, 雄花, 资源分配, 养分特征

Abstract: Due to a plenty of staminate flower differentiation, Zanthoxylum planispinum var. dintanensis, mainly reproduced by apomixis, was declined in the karst rocky desertification area of southwest Guizhou Province. However, the mechanisms involved in growth, fruiting, and nutrient characteristics of Z. planispinum var. dintanensis remain unclear. Here, we investigated the characteristics of shoot growth, biomass, nutrient contents of different organs in normal plants with pistillate flower (Np) and declined plants with staminate flower (Dp), to analyze the effects of plant decline on resource allocation among growth, nutrient storage, and reproduction. The results showed that fruit biomass of Np was significantly higher than that of Dp (P<0.05), whereas shoot and leaf biomass of Np was significantly lower than that of Dp. The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, and soluble protein in staminate flower buds were significantly lower than those in pistillate flower buds (P<0.05), while the contents of calcium in flower buds were negatively correlated with the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium (P<0.01). Moreover, the length of pistillate inflorescence was significantly longer than that of staminate inflorescence, but shoot length and shoot number per bearing base branch in Np were significantly reduced. Although nutrient contents in root and stem of Np were significantly increased, crude protein content in seed was significantly lower than that of Dp. Our results indicated that Z. planispinum var. dintanensis with staminate flowers significantly altered resource allocation among growth, fruiting and nutrient storage, reflecting its adaptation to the nutrient stress environment in rocky desertification regions.

Key words: Zanthoxylum planispinum var. dintanensis, decline, staminate flower, resource allocation, nutrient characteristics

陈翠萍, 周美玉, 周朝彬, 王景燕, 龚伟. 顶坛花椒衰退对生长、结实和养分储存的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2024, 43(7): 2127-2133.

CHEN Cuiping, ZHOU Meiyu, ZHOU Chaobin, WANG Jingyan, GONG Wei. Effects of Zanthoxylum planispinum var. dintanensis decline on growth, fruiting, and nutrient storage.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2024, 43(7): 2127-2133.

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顶坛花椒衰退对生长、结实和养分储存的影响

Effects of Zanthoxylum planispinum var. dintanensis decline on growth, fruiting, and nutrient storage.

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