关键词: Na⁺、K⁺和Ca²⁺, NaHCO₃胁迫, 灌木, 非损伤微测技术

Abstract: This experiment was designed to find out the influence of food distribution and feeding condition on feeding behavior and fighting of Crossoptilon mantchuricum.The food distribution had 3 levels:scattered,clustered and terrifically clustered.The feeding condition has 2 levels:hungry and half hungry.When the C.mantchuricum were hungry,the frequency of biting at feeding was more significant than that when they were half hungry.The distribution of food had significant influence on hungry birds while it did not work for half hungry birds unless the food was terrifically clustered.The abundance and distribution of resource had some influences on the resource allot and dominant behaviour in the flock of C.mantchuricum.Most of fighting occurred between the dominant and subdominant C.mantchuricum and in subdominant ones.About 47% of biting occurred on the periphery far from food.In order to prevent subdominant birds from getting inside to feed, dominant birds occasionally wandered outside to attack subdominant ones waiting for food.A lot of biting occurred between subdominant birds.We assume that they could confirm their status by biting,and then minimize competitions from more subdominant ones.

Key words: Na⁺, K⁺ and Ca²⁺, NaHCO₃ stress, shrubs, non-invasive ion flux measurements.