典型黑土区不同菌根类型树种根系分泌速率及根际效应差异

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202109.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以生长在东北黑土区的红皮云杉、白桦、樟子松、山杏、糖槭、榆叶梅和鸡树条为研究材料，分析不同菌根类型树种间根系分泌速率和根际效应的差异，评价其对土壤的改良效果。结果表明：7个树种的根系分泌速率差异显著（P<0.05），且外生菌根树种（红皮云杉、白桦和樟子松）的根系分泌速率显著高于丛枝菌根树种（山杏、糖槭、榆叶梅和鸡树条）（P<0.05）。土壤化学性质受树种根际影响显著，相较于非根际土壤，pH在糖槭、山杏和鸡树条的根际增加了0.3%～5.9%，在榆叶梅、樟子松、红皮云杉和白桦根际降低了1.9%～5.1%；总有机碳、全氮、碱解氮、全磷和速效磷含量在根际分别增加了22.1%～250.4%、9.9%～146.9%、5.5%～23.8%、3.8%～48.8%和23.6%～189.1%，外生菌根树种土壤总有机碳、全氮和碱解氮根际效应高于丛枝菌根树种，丛枝菌根树种土壤全磷和速效磷根际效应显著高于外生菌根树种。相较非根际土壤，根际土壤细菌数量和放线菌数量增加了42.9%～309.6%和13.3%～134.7%；真菌数量在山杏和榆叶梅根际分别降低21.6%和8.6%，在其余树种根际增加43.5%～215.4%。外生菌根树种细菌和真菌数量的根际效应显著高于丛枝菌根树种（P<0.05），放线菌根际效应在两种菌根类型树种间差异不显著（P>0.05）。丛枝菌根树种根系分泌速率、微生物数量和土壤化学性质三者之间相关性显著高于外生菌根树种。对土壤质量的改良效果从高到低分别为红皮云杉、樟子松、白桦、鸡树条、糖槭、榆叶梅和山杏，外生菌根树种对土壤的改良效果高于丛枝菌根树种。

关键词: 根际效应, 根系分泌物, 丛枝菌根, 外生菌根, 土壤微生物, 土壤化学性质

Abstract: We examined root exudation rate and rhizosphere effect of four arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM;Amygdalus triloba, Acer negundo, Viburnum opulus subsp. calvescens, and Armeniaca sibirica) and three ectomycorrhizal tree species (ECM; Picea koraiensis, Betula platyphylla, and Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica), to determine the differences of different mycorrhizal associations of tree species and to evaluate their improvement on soil quality in the black soil at Keshan Farm in Heilongjiang, China. The results showed that root exudation rate of the seven tree species was significantly different (P<0.05), with that of the ECM tree species being significantly higher than that of AM tree species (P<0.05). The pH of Viburnum sargenti, Armeniaca sibirica andAcer negundo rhizosphere soil was 0.3%-5.9% higher than the bulk soil. In contrary, it was1.9%-5.1% lower in Amygdalus triloba, Picea koraiensis, Betula platyphylla, and Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica rhizosphere soil. Rhizosphere effects on soil total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), alkalihydrolyzed nitrogen (AHN), total phosphorus (TP), and available phosphorus (AP) in the rhizosphere soil of the seven tree species were 22.1%-250.4%, 9.9%-146.9%, 5.5%-23.8%, 3.8%-48.8% and 23.6%-189.1% higher compared to bulk soil, respectively. The rhizosphere effects of the ECM tree species on TOC, TN, and AHN were greater than that of the AM tree species, while that on soil TP and AP was lower than the AM tree species. Compared to the bulk soil, the abundance of bacteria and actinomycetes in the rhizosphere soil of the seven tree species was increased by 42.9%-309.6% and 13.3%-134.7%, respectively. The abundance of fungi in the rhizosphere soil of Armeniaca sibirica and Amygdalus triloba was decreased by 21.6% and 8.6%, respectively, but increased by 43.5%-215.4% in the rhizosphere soil of other tree species. The rhizosphere effect on the abundance of bacteria and fungi in the ECM tree species was greater than that of the AM tree species (P<0.05), while the rhizosphere effect on actinomycetes was not different between the AM and ECM species (P>0.05). The correlation among root exudation rates, microbial quantity, and soil chemical properties in AM species was significantly greater than that in the ECM species. The effect of ECM tree species on soil improvement was stronger than that of AM tree species.

Key words: rhizosphere effect, root exudates, arbuscular mycorrhizae, ectomycorrhizae, soil microorganism, soil chemistry.

蒋治岩, 邹青勤, 杨柳, 李汶倬, 张鹤东, 陈祥伟, 王秀伟. 典型黑土区不同菌根类型树种根系分泌速率及根际效应差异[J]. 生态学杂志, 2021, 40(9): 2709-2718.

JIANG Zhi-yan, ZOU Qing-qin, YANG Liu, LI Wen-zhuo, ZHANG He-dong, CHEN Xiang-wei, WANG Xiu-wei. Root exudation rate and rhizosphere effect of different mycorrhizal associations of tree species in typical black soil area.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2021, 40(9): 2709-2718.

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典型黑土区不同菌根类型树种根系分泌速率及根际效应差异

Root exudation rate and rhizosphere effect of different mycorrhizal associations of tree species in typical black soil area.

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