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地膜覆盖和有机肥施用对农田土壤和作物C、N、P化学计量学的影响

王庆鲁,祝鹏飞,丁凡*   

  1. (沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院, 沈阳 110016)
  • 发布日期:2020-04-10

Effects of plastic film mulching and organic manure application on  C, N, P stoichiometry of soil and crop.

WANG Qing-lu, ZHU Peng-fei, DING Fan*   

  1. (College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110086, China).
  • Published:2020-04-10

摘要: 为了解长期地膜覆盖和施用有机肥对农田土壤和作物C、N、P化学计量学的影响,于2015年采集沈阳农业大学长期地膜覆盖和施肥定位试验(建于1987年)土壤和玉米植株不同组织(根、秸秆、叶片、籽粒),测定了土壤和作物C、N、P含量。结果表明:长期地膜覆盖和施用有机肥均对土壤pH产生显著影响(P<0.01),且两者存在显著的交互作用(P=0.001);地膜覆盖对土壤全碳、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、有效磷,以及土壤C∶N∶P化学计量学均没有显著影响(P>0.05),而施用有机肥会显著增加土壤全碳、全氮、全磷含量以及碱解氮和有效磷含量(P<0.01),降低土壤C/P和N/P(P<0.01);除了叶片N含量和籽粒P含量及C/P以外,地膜覆盖对玉米各组织中C、N、P含量及C∶N∶P化学计量均没有显著影响(P>0.05);而有机肥施用显著增加了玉米各组织中N含量(P<0.05),从而降低C/N(P<0.05),但只增加了根和籽实中P含量(P<0.05),降低了玉米籽实的C/P(P<0.001)。综上所述,土壤和作物的C、N、P化学计量学随长期施用有机肥而变化,但受地膜覆盖的影响较小。

关键词: 行内间作, 叶面积指数,  , 黄土高原半干旱区,  ,  , 籽实产量,  , 种植密度

Abstract: To examine the effects of plastic film mulching and organic manure application on C, N, and P stoichiometry of soil and crop, we collected soil and corn tissues (root, stem, leaf, and seed) in 2015 from a longterm experiment at Shenyang Agricultural University, which was initiated in 1987. We measured C, N and P concentrations in soil and crop tissues. Results showed that the main and interactive effects of long-term film mulching and manure application on soil pH were statistically significant. Film mulching did not affect soil C, N, P, available N and P concentrations, and soil C∶N∶P ratios (P>0.05). Manure application significantly increased soil total C, N, P, available N, and available P concentrations (P<0.01), and significantly decreased soil C/P and N/P ratios (P<0.01). Film mulching did not affect the stoichiometry of C, N, and P in all plant tissues except for leaf N and seed P concentration and C/P ratio. Organic fertilizer application significantly increased N concentration and decreased C/N ratios in all tissues (P<0.05). Manure application increased root and seed P concentrations (P<0.05) and decreased seed C/P ratio (P<0.001). In conclusion, soil and crop C, N, and P stoichiometry could be affected by long-term organic fertilizer application but not by plastic film mulching.

Key words: leaf area index., semi-arid region of Loess Plateau, grain yield, withinrowintercropping, planting density