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锑胁迫下生物炭对番茄锑积累及生化特性的影响

张欢,花莉*,罗婷   

  1. (陕西科技大学环境科学与工程学院, 西安 710021)
  • 出版日期:2019-04-10 发布日期:2019-04-10

Effects of biochar on Sb accumulation and biochemical characteristics of Lycopersicum esculentum in Sb-contaminated soil.

ZHANG Huan, HUA Li*, LUO Ting   

  1. (Environmental Science and Technology, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China).
  • Online:2019-04-10 Published:2019-04-10

摘要: 分别采用秸秆炭(SBC)和果木炭(FBC)孵化锑(Sb)污染土壤,以番茄为受试植物进行盆栽实验,采用连续提取方法测定了各孵化土壤中的Sb形态,并将土壤中Sb各形态含量与番茄植株中Sb的积累量进行相关性分析,通过测定番茄植株的叶片叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶活性以及番茄植株根细胞形态的变化,研究了生物炭对Sb污染土壤下番茄植株生理生化特性的影响。结果表明:添加10% SBC时,番茄根部Sb的积累与对照相比显著降低了66% (P<0.01);加入10% FBC时,番茄根部Sb的积累量与对照相比显著降低了32% (P<0.01);各处理组中,番茄植株各器官中Sb的积累量均为根>叶>茎;两种生物炭改变了土壤中Sb的存在形态,且果木炭对Sb的形态变化影响更大。相关性分析表明:生物炭通过影响土壤Sb的存在形态而影响了Sb的植物有效性;生物炭提高了番茄叶片叶绿素的含量,降低了叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)与过氧化物酶(POD)活性,提高了过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,并且缓解了番茄根部受Sb的胁迫。

关键词: 秸秆覆盖, 土壤水分, 产量, 西瓜

Abstract: Sb-contaminated soils incubated with/without wheat straw-derived biochar (SBC) and fruit tree-derived biochar (FBC) were used to plant Lycopersicum esculentum. Sb- fractions in soil were measured by sequential chemical extractions. The correlation between the contents of Sb fractions in soil and the accumulation of Sb in L. esculentum was analyzed. The chlorophyll content, antioxidant system,and root cell morphology of L. esculentum were investigated to examine the effects of biochar on biochemical characteristics of L. esculentum in Sb-contaminated soil. Compared to the control, the accumulation of Sb was decreased by 66% (P<0.01) in treatment with 10% SBC and 32% (P<0.01) in treatment with 10% FBC, respectively. Sb accumulation distribution was in order of root>leaf>stem for all treatments. Sb fraction was changed by biochar, and FBC had greater effect on Sb fraction than SBC. The correlation analysis showed that the change of Sb fraction in soil induced by biochar affected the phytoavailability of Sb. Biochar increased chlorophyll content and CAT activity, while reduced SOD and POD activities of L. esculentum. Stressed root cell morphology by Sb was alleviated by biochar.

Key words: straw mulching, soil moisture, yield, watermelon.