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旱涝胁迫对棉花根系生长的影响

黄韬幸,王修贵*,吴灏,张金星   

  1. (武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室, 湖北武汉 430072)
  • 出版日期:2018-07-10 发布日期:2018-07-10

Effects of drought and waterlogging stress on root growth of cotton.

HUANG Tao-xing, WANG Xiu-gui*, WU Hao, ZHANG Jin-xing   

  1. (State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China).
  • Online:2018-07-10 Published:2018-07-10

摘要: 为探究旱涝胁迫对棉花花铃期及吐絮期根系的影响,于2016年在武汉大学灌溉排水试验场开展了受旱、受涝及旱涝急转胁迫测坑试验,使用微根管系统对根系进行了原位生长过程监测,并用挖掘法对结果进行了验证。结果表明:通过微根管观测图片所获取的根系信息,代表了根管周围3.3 mm透视厚度土层的根系状况;从蕾期至吐絮期内,根系生长呈“S”型曲线,其中花铃期根系生长发育最快;0~30 cm是根系主要分布区域,约占根系总量的70%~80%;不同旱涝胁迫处理下总根长及总根表面积从大到小的顺序为受涝组>旱转-涝组>正常组>受旱组;涝渍导致表层根系大量繁殖,特别是根粗为0.2~0.4 mm的根系生长;干旱使得棉花根长密度变小,径变粗,深层根系生长加速、占比上升,根系重心下移;旱转涝后根系指标增速大于对照组,证明后期受涝对前期受旱在根系生长方面具有补偿效应。

关键词: 林草复合系统, 盐渍土, 边界效应, 游动分割窗技术, 黄河三角洲

Abstract: To clarify the effects of drought and waterlogging stress on root of cotton at flowering and boll-setting stages, an experiment with drought, waterlogging and abrupt droughtflood treatments was carried out in the Irrigation and Drainage Experiment Station of Wuhan University in 2016. Minirhizotron systems were used to conduct in situ and long-time monitoring of root systems and digging method was used to validate the obtained data. The images obtained by minirhizotron were equivalent to a 3.3 mm depth of field (DOF) around the tube. From the squaring stage to boll opening stage, root growth resembled an S-shaped curve, with the fastest growth in the flowering stage. The cotton roots were mainly distributed in 0-30 cm soil layer, accounting for 70%-80% of the total amount of the roots. The total root length and total root surface area under different treatments were in the order of waterlogging > waterlogging after drought > control > drought. Waterlogging led to rapid growth of roots at the upper soil layer, especially for those with diameter of 0.2-0.4 mm. Drought decreased root length density, increased root diameter and the proportion of roots in deeper layers, which caused the barycenter of the roots to move downwards. The root growth rate was larger in the drought treatment followed by waterlogging treatment compared to the control group, implying that waterlogging has a compensatory effect on root growth following previous drought stress.

Key words: saline soil, silvopastoral system, edge effect, moving split-window technique, Yellow River Delta