关键词: 线虫, 生物指示物, 环境污染, 生态系统, 指标

Abstract: The background and process for the emergence and development ot global ecology or bios-phere ecology are described.Its research fields and objectives are also summarized.The “Biosphere Today” written by prof. N. Polunin in 1971 is considered as a sign for the birth ofglobal ecology,which devotes itself to the understanding of the biosphere's nature of integrity and relationships between its parts,the influences of human activities on the biosphereand our utter dependence on it,and the prevention of possible consequences and ecological disasters.

Key words: Nematode, Bioindicator, Environment pollution, Ecosystem, Index