青海省果洛州高寒草甸有害生物种群特征及其地形影响因素

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202507.012

生态学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (7): 2164-2173.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202507.012

青海省果洛州高寒草甸有害生物种群特征及其地形影响因素

杨丽艳^1,2,宋梅玲^1,2,王玉琴^1,2,王宏生^1,2,周睿^1,2*

（¹三江源区高寒草地生态教育部重点实验室，西宁 810016； ²青海大学畜牧兽医科学院，西宁 810016）

出版日期:2025-07-10 发布日期:2025-07-07

Population characteristics of harmful organisms and their terrain influencing factors in the alpine meadow of Guoluo Prefecture, Qinghai Province.

YANG Liyan^1,2, SONG Meiling^1,2, WANG Yuqin^1,2, WANG Hongsheng^1,2, ZHOU Rui^1,2*

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(¹Provincial-Ministerial Jointly-Built State Key Laboratory of Sanjiangyuan Ecology and Plateau Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Xining 810016, China; ²School of Livestock and Veterinary Science, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China).

Online:2025-07-10 Published:2025-07-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为明晰地形因素对高寒草甸有害生物种群密度的影响，本研究结合实地调查与地理信息技术对果洛州高寒草甸栖息的主要有害生物：高原鼢鼠（Eospalax baileyi）、高原鼠兔（Ochotona curzoniae）、草原毛虫（Gynaephora qinghaiensis）和黄帚橐吾（Ligularia virgaure）种群，在不同海拔、坡度和坡向上的种群特征进行分析，并基于地理探测器分析地形因素对高寒草甸主要有害生物种群的影响。结果表明：高原鼠兔、高原鼢鼠和草原毛虫种群密度随海拔的升高呈先增高后降低的趋势，且种群密度分别在海拔4360～4470、3980～4080和3950～3990 m最高，而黄帚橐吾种群密度在海拔梯度上呈增加的趋势，并在4070～4110和4280～4620 m最高；高原鼠兔和草原毛虫种群在6°以上斜坡的密度远高于0°～5°的平坡，高原鼢鼠种群在0°～5°的平坡上密度最高，黄帚橐吾种群在0°～5°和16°～25°的斜坡上密度最高；有害生物种群密度在不同坡向下并无显著差异。地理探测器分析结果表明，海拔因子对高原鼠兔（0.0674）和高原鼢鼠（0.2052）种群密度的影响最大，坡度因子对草原毛虫（0.2362）和黄帚橐吾（0.0776）种群密度的影响最大；任意两项地形因子间的交互作用主要为双因子增强和非线性增强两种方式，海拔和坡向对高原鼠兔的交互解释度最大，海拔和坡度对高原鼢鼠、草原毛虫和黄帚橐吾的交互解释度最大。综上所述，高寒草甸不同类型有害生物种群密度对地形因子的响应程度不同，高原鼠兔和高原鼢鼠种群对海拔的响应显著，而草原毛虫和黄帚橐吾种群对坡度的响应更明显。

关键词: 草原有害生物, 地形, 地理探测器, 种群密度

Abstract: To clarify the influence of topographic factors on population density of pests in alpine meadows, we combined field surveys and geographic information technology to analyze the population characteristics of primary pests in alpine meadows in Guoluo Prefecture, Qinghai Province. These pests included Eospalax baileyi, Ochotona curzoniae, Gynaephora qinghaiensis, and Ligularia virgaurea. Using geographical detector analysis, we examined the impact of topographic factors on the population density of major pests in alpine meadows. Results showed that population densities of O. curzoniae, E. baileyi, and G. qinghaiensis exhibited a trend of initial increasing and then decreasing with elevation, with the highest densities observed at 4360-4470, 3980-4080, and 3950-3990 m, respectively. The population density of L. virgaure increased along the elevation gradient, peaking at 4070-4110 and 4280-4620 m. The densities of O. curzoniae and G. qinghaiensis on slopes above 6° were significantly higher than that on 0°-5° gentle slopes, while E. baileyi density was highest on 0°-5° slopes. The L. virgaurea population showed peak density on slopes of 0°-5° and 16°-25°. There was no significant difference in pest population density across different aspects. Geographic detector analysis indicated that elevation had the greatest influence on population densities of O. curzoniae (0.0674) and E. baileyi (0.2052), while slope had the greatest impact on G. qinghaiensis (0.2362) and L. virgaure (0.0776). The interactions between any two topographic factors primarily showed dual enhancement and nonlinear enhancement, with elevation and aspect exhibiting the highest interacting interpretability for O. curzoniae, and elevation and slope showing the highest interacting interpretability for E. baileyi, G. qinghaiensis, and L. virgaure. In summary, the population density of different pests has different responses to topographic factors in alpine meadows. O. curzoniae and E. baileyi show significant responses to altitude, while G. qinghaiensis and L. virgaure are more sensitive to slope gradients.

Key words: grassland pests, terrain, geographic detector, population density

杨丽艳, 宋梅玲, 王玉琴, 王宏生, 周睿. 青海省果洛州高寒草甸有害生物种群特征及其地形影响因素[J]. 生态学杂志, 2025, 44(7): 2164-2173.

YANG Liyan, SONG Meiling, WANG Yuqin, WANG Hongsheng, ZHOU Rui. Population characteristics of harmful organisms and their terrain influencing factors in the alpine meadow of Guoluo Prefecture, Qinghai Province.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2025, 44(7): 2164-2173.

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青海省果洛州高寒草甸有害生物种群特征及其地形影响因素

Population characteristics of harmful organisms and their terrain influencing factors in the alpine meadow of Guoluo Prefecture, Qinghai Province.

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