云南金沙江干热河谷县域土地利用景观格局的地形效应

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202308.012

生态学杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (8): 1982-1992.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202308.012

云南金沙江干热河谷县域土地利用景观格局的地形效应

许英杰¹,杨绍微¹,张峻铭¹,孙永玉^2,3,杨秀彪¹,欧朝蓉^1*

(¹西南林业大学地理与生态旅游学院，昆明 650224； ²中国林业科学研究院高原林业研究所，昆明 650224； ³元谋干热河谷生态系统国家定位观测研究站，云南楚雄 650224)

出版日期:2023-08-10 发布日期:2023-07-27

Topographic effect of county-level land-use landscape pattern in the dry-hot valley of Jinsha River, Yunnan Province.

XU Yingjie¹, YANG Shaowei¹, ZHANG Junming¹, SUN Yongyu^2,3, YANG Xiubiao¹, OU Zhaorong^1*

(¹School of Geography and Ecotourism, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; ²Institute of Plateau Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650224, China; ³National Positioning Observation and Research Station of Yuanmou Dry Hot Valley Ecosystem, Chuxiong 650224, Yunnan, China).

Online:2023-08-10 Published:2023-07-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 金沙江干热河谷区是中国生态最为脆弱的区域之一，开展其土地利用景观格局研究对区域生态环境调控有重要意义。本文以云南省金沙江干热河谷县域为案例区，基于2005、2010、2015和2020年4期土地利用数据，运用GIS空间分析和景观格局分析方法来探究不同高程范围、坡度类别和地形位指数下土地利用景观格局地形效应，揭示土地利用景观格局变化的驱动机理，以期为区域生态调控提供科学依据。结果表明：2005—2020年间，研究区土地利用景观破碎化程度加强，景观异质性明显，景观多样性增加，均匀度提高。林地、草地和耕地是研究区的景观基质。干热区主要景观类型为草地和耕地，其水域和建设用地面积增长态势显著。非干热区主要景观类型为林地和草地，其耕地持续减少和建设用地面积持续增长态势较为明显。各地类在坡度和地形位上分布趋势基本一致。耕地、水域和建设用地多分布在低地形位，林地、草地和未利用地多分布在中高地形位。研究区土地利用景观格局地形效应特征明显。自然因素奠定了研究区土地利用景观的基本格局。15年间，人为因素对区域土地利用景观格局的影响得到强化，2015年后人为因素作用更为明显。未来金沙江干热河谷土地利用景观格局研究应更多地探索区域景观生态安全格局构建及区域土地利用景观格局对全球气候变化的响应特征及其机制。

关键词: 金沙江, 干热河谷, 土地利用, 景观格局, 地形效应, 人为干扰

Abstract: The dry-hot valley of Jinsha River region is one of the most ecologically fragile regions in China. Understanding land-use landscape patterns in this region has great significance for regional ecological and environmental regulation. Based on land-use data of four periods in 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020, as well as the GIS spatial ana-lysis and landscape pattern analysis methods, we investigated the landscape pattern and topographic effect of land use with different elevation ranges, slope categories and topographic position indices. The aims of this study were to reveal the driving mechanisms of land-use landscape pattern change and provide a scientific basis for regional ecological regulation and control. The results showed that the degree of land-use landscape fragmentation was strengthened from 2005 to 2020, landscape heterogeneity was obvious, landscape diversity was increased, and landscape evenness was improved. Woodland, grassland and arable land were landscape substrates of the study area. The main landscape types of dry-hot zone were grassland and arable land, with a significant growth in area of waters and construction land. The main landscape types in the non-dry-hot zone were woodland and grassland, with a continuous decrease of arable land area and a constant increase of construction land area. The distribution trend of slope and topographic position of various land-use types were almost the same. Arable land, water area, and construction land were mainly distributed in low terrain, while woodland, grassland, and unused land were primarily distributed in middle and high terrain. There was an obvious topographic effect of land-use landscape patterns in the study area. Natural factors drove the basic pattern of land-use landscape in the study area. The impacts of human factors on regional land-use landscape pattern had been strengthened during the past 15 years, while the effects of human factors had become more obvious after 2015. In the future, more research about landscape pattern in the dry-hot valley of the Jinsha River should be done on the construction of regional landscape ecological security pattern and response characteristics and mechanism of regional land-use landscape pattern to global climate change.

Key words: Jinsha River, dry-hot valley, land use, landscape pattern, topographic effect, human interference.

许英杰, 杨绍微, 张峻铭, 孙永玉, 杨秀彪, 欧朝蓉. 云南金沙江干热河谷县域土地利用景观格局的地形效应[J]. 生态学杂志, 2023, 42(8): 1982-1992.

XU Yingjie, YANG Shaowei, ZHANG Junming, SUN Yongyu, YANG Xiubiao, OU Zhaorong. Topographic effect of county-level land-use landscape pattern in the dry-hot valley of Jinsha River, Yunnan Province.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2023, 42(8): 1982-1992.

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云南金沙江干热河谷县域土地利用景观格局的地形效应

Topographic effect of county-level land-use landscape pattern in the dry-hot valley of Jinsha River, Yunnan Province.

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