稀土尾矿王草产量和根系生长对施肥的响应

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202407.044

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究施肥处理对稀土尾矿植物生长的影响，可为尾矿废弃地的生态治理和饲草生产提供理论支撑。本研究以王草为试验材料，设置6组施肥处理，分别为对照组（CK）、沼液组（T1）、牛粪组（T2）、牛粪+沼液组（T3）、蚯蚓粪组（T4）和蚯蚓粪+沼液组（T5），测定不同施肥处理下王草的农艺性状、产量、根系生长指标，分析不同施肥处理对王草地上和地下的影响。结果表明：与CK组相比，施用有机肥后，王草年鲜草产量提高4.57%～1066.11%，其中T5组鲜草产量最高，种植第二年达83.26 t·hm^-2，T2、T3、T4、T5四组株高、分蘖数和茎粗均较对照组显著增加（P<0.05）；同时，施用有机肥后，王草根长、根尖数、交叉数均显著增加（P<0.05），其中T5组根长最长且交叉数最多，分别为CK组的1.79倍和2.55倍；T5组根系生物量显著增加（P<0.05），为2.52 g；施用有机肥后，王草细根（0～0.5 mm径级）根长和根尖数显著增加（P<0.05），根系构型趋向于鱼尾状结构。相关性分析发现，鲜草产量与根系长、根系生物量和0～0.5 mm径级根长呈极显著相关（P<0.01），与0～0.5 mm径级根根尖数和拓扑指数呈显著相关（P<0.05）。综上，有机肥可提高王草鲜草产量，促进根系生长，蚯蚓粪沼液组合效果更优，是王草植物修复稀土尾矿的最佳施肥处理。

关键词: 有机肥, 尾矿治理, 植物修复, 王草, 根系指标

Abstract: Clarifying the effects of fertilization on plant growth of rare earth tailings can provide theoretical support for ecological management and forage production of tailings abandoned land. We investigated the responses of yield and root growth of Pennisetum purpureum ×P. americana to fertilization in tailings. There were six fertilization treatments, including control (CK), biogas slurry group (T1), cattle manure group (T2), cattle manure + biogas slurry group (T3), earthworm casts group (T4), and earthworm casts + biogas slurry group (T5). We measured the agronomic character, fresh yield, root growth indices, and analyzed the effects of different fertilization treatments on aboveground and underground indicators. The results showed that fresh yield of Pennisetum purpureum ×P. americana increased by 4.57%-1066.11% after applying organic fertilizer, and the highest fresh yield was 83.26 t·hm^-2 under T5 treatment in the second year of planting. Plant height, tiller number and stem diameter of plants in T2, T3, T4, and T5 groups were boosted (P<0.05). The application of organic fertilizer significantly increased root length, numbers of root tips and crossings (P<0.05). Root length under T5 group was the greatest and the number of crossings was the highest, being 1.79 and 2.55 times of that of CK, respectively. Root biomass of individual plant in T5 group significantly increased to 2.52 g (P<0.05). After application of organic fertilizer, root length and the number of root tips of fine roots (0-0.5 mm diameter class) were significantly increased (P<0.05), and root architecture tended to be fishtail structure. Fresh yield was correlated with root length, root biomass and the length of 0-0.5 mm diameter root (P<0.01), and with the number of 0-0.5 mm diameter root tips and topological index P<0.05). In conclusion, organic fertilizer application can improve fresh yield of Pennisetum purpureum ×P. americana and promote root growth. The combination of earthworm manure and biogas slurry is the optimal fertilization treatment for phytoremediation of rare earth tailings by Pennisetum purpureum ×P. americana.

Key words: organic fertilizer, tailings reclamation, phytoremediation, Pennisetum purpureum ×P. americana, root index

邱静芸, 雷小文, 连海, 郭海宁, 陈荣强, 欧翔, 钟云平, 张强, 吴丽娟. 稀土尾矿王草产量和根系生长对施肥的响应[J]. 生态学杂志, 2024, 43(7): 2093-2101.

QIU Jingyun, LEI Xiaowen, LIAN Hai1, GUO Haining, CHEN Rongqiang, OU Xiang, ZHONG Yunping, ZHANG Qiang, WU Lijuan. Responses of yield and root growth of Pennisetum purpureum ×P. americana to fertilization in rare earth tailings[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2024, 43(7): 2093-2101.

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稀土尾矿王草产量和根系生长对施肥的响应

Responses of yield and root growth of Pennisetum purpureum ×P. americana to fertilization in rare earth tailings

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