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生态学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 2089-2095.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202506.030

• 技术与方法 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于DNA宏条形码技术的中华穿山甲食物组成与季节性变化

马梦杰1,2,李珺2,窦红亮2,王凯2,杨锦圳2,王静欣2,郭瑞萍1,2,王贺1*,华彦2*
  

  1. 1东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院, 哈尔滨 150040; 2广东省林业科学研究院, 广东省森林培育与保护利用重点实验室, 广州 510520)

  • 出版日期:2025-06-10 发布日期:2025-06-11

Diet composition and its seasonal variation for Chinese pangolin based on DNA macro-barcoding technology.

MA Mengjie1,2, LI Jun2, DOU Hongliang2, WANG Kai2, YANG Jinzhen2, WANG Jingxin2, GUO Ruiping1,2, WANG He1*, HUA Yan2*#br#

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  1. (1College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; 2Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong 510520, China).

  • Online:2025-06-10 Published:2025-06-11

摘要: 研究动物食性能够为物种生存状况和生态系统功能评估提供重要参考。中华穿山甲(Manis pentadactyla)在维持生态系统平衡方面扮演关键角色,开展食性分析能够加深对穿山甲采食策略的理解,为物种保护提供数据支撑。本研究使用采集于湿季(4—9月,n=4)、干季(10月—翌年1月,n=6)的野外粪便样本,基于高通量测序和DNA宏条形码技术,分析了中华穿山甲的食物组成及其季节性变化。结果如下:(1)共获得有效序列478706条,有效OUT 597个,其中37.35%、40.54%、8.54%、10.39%、3.18%的OTU分别鉴定到纲、目、科、属、种水平。(2)中华穿山甲的食物由14目17科17属18种的猎物组成,主要为蜚蠊目(Blattaria),占全部序列的81.11%。(3)α多样性与β多样性的分析结果显示,中华穿山甲食物丰富度在干、湿季节间无显著差异,但食物组成存在显著差异。(4)蚁类的分析结果显示,湿季,中华穿山甲采食白蚁类(目、科、属、种水平相对序列丰度RRA:RRA=32.14%、40.48%、44.38%、44.48%)与蚂蚁类(RRA=40.41%、49.73%、54.61%、55.30%)相对均衡,干季基本仅捕食白蚁类(RRA=87.95%、90.07%、89.88%、99.95%);土白蚁属(Odontotermes)为中华穿山甲干季的主要食物组成,盲切叶蚁属(Carebara)与大头蚁属(Pheidole)为中华穿山甲湿季的主要食物组成。综上所述,中华穿山甲的猎物以白蚁类与蚂蚁类为主,且存在季节性变化。


关键词: 中华穿山甲, 食物组成, 季节性变化, 高通量测序, DNA宏条形码

Abstract: Exploring the dietary habits of wild animals offers crucial insights for evaluating their survival prospects and ecosystem functions. Chinese pangolin, Manis pentadactyla, plays the key role in maintaining ecosystem balance. The analysis of its diet composition can deepen the understanding of the feeding strategy of pangolins and provide data support for species conservation. In this study, the fecal samples of wild Chinese pangolin individuals in wet (from April to September, n=4) and dry seasons (from October to January, n=6) were used to explore the diet composition and its seasonal variation based on high-throughput sequencing and DNA macro-barcoding. The results showed that: (1) A total of 478706 effective sequences and 597 effective OTUs were obtained. 37.35%, 40.54%, 8.54%, 10.39%, and 3.18% OTUs were identified at class, order, family, genus, and species levels, respectively. (2) The diet composition of Chinese pangolin included 14 orders, 17 families, 17 genera, and 18 species. Blattaria were the main food for Chinese pangolin, accounting for 81.11% of sequences. (3) The results of α and β diversity analysis showed no difference in food composition richness between dry and wet seasons, but significant difference in species composition structure. (4) According to the results of heterogyna, Chinese pangolin equally preyed on termites (relative read abundance (RRA) = 32.14%, 40.48%, 44.38%, 44.48%) and ants (RRA = 40.41%, 49.73%, 54.61%, 55.30%) in wet season, while intensively on termites (RRA = 87.95%, 90.07%, 89.88%, 99.95%) in dry season. Furthermore, Odontotermes, and Carebara and Pheidole were the main diet components for Chinese pangolin in dry and wet seasons, respectively. In conclusion, there was seasonal variation of food composition for Chinese pangolin, with termites and ants being the main prey.


Key words: Mains pentadactyla, diet composition, seasonal variation, high-throughput sequencing, DNA macrobarcoding