长期施用化肥对红壤磷形态、磷酸酶活性及phoD基因丰度和多样性的影响

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202402.030

生态学杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (2): 487-493.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202402.030

长期施用化肥对红壤磷形态、磷酸酶活性及phoD基因丰度和多样性的影响

黄文晶¹,姜楠^1,2,3*,陈晓冬⁴,孙楠⁵,徐明岗⁵,陈振华¹,张玉兰¹,陈利军¹
〖HT4〗〖HT〗

（¹中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所，沈阳 110016； ²辽宁沈阳农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站，沈阳 110107； ³辽宁省现代保护性耕作与生态农业重点实验室，沈阳 110016； ⁴浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所，杭州 310021； ⁵中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所，北京 100081）

出版日期:2024-02-06 发布日期:2024-02-07

Effects of long-term application of chemical fertilizers on soil phosphorus forms, phosphatase activity and bacterial phoD gene abundance and diversity in red soil.

HUANG Wenjing¹, JIANG Nan^1,2,3*, CHEN Xiaodong⁴, SUN Nan⁵, XU Minggang⁵, CHEN Zhenhua¹, ZHANG Yulan¹, CHEN Lijun¹#br#

#br#

(¹Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; ²Shenyang Agro-ecosystem Experimental Station, Shenyang 110107, China; ³Key Lab of Conservation Tillage & Ecological Agriculture, Liaoning Province, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; ⁴Institute of Environmental Resources and Soil Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; ⁵Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China).

Online:2024-02-06 Published:2024-02-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以湖南省祁阳县的国家红壤肥力与肥料效益长期试验地为平台，采用单施氮肥（N）、氮钾配施（NK）、氮磷配施（NP）和氮磷钾配施（NPK）4种不同组合的无机肥料添加方式，结合实时定量PCR和高通量测序技术，探究长期施用化肥对土壤磷形态、磷酸酶活性及phoD基因丰度和多样性的影响。结果表明：与单施氮肥处理相比，氮与磷、钾配施可以缓解土壤酸化趋势，氮磷配施能够显著增加土壤中各形态磷含量。与单施氮肥处理相比，氮磷、氮钾处理显著提高了土壤碱性磷酸酶活性、土壤总细菌丰度及phoD基因丰度；氮磷钾配施显著提高了土壤碱性磷酸酶活性和土壤总细菌丰度，但显著降低土壤phoD基因丰度。磷酸酶编码基因phoD基因群落的α与β多样性在处理间不存在显著差异，且所有处理中来源于假单胞菌属与紫色杆菌属的phoD基因分别超过总序列的45%。此外，链霉菌属、马赛菌属以及短波单胞菌属与土壤磷素存在显著的正相关关系。以上结果表明：在不同养分输入条件下，调节功能菌群丰度及磷酸酶活性的关键因素不同。氮磷钾的合理配施能够增加土壤磷含量和磷酸酶活性，改变phoD基因丰度和群落结构，提高土壤的供磷能力，但长期施用化肥会使土壤微生物物种趋于单一化。

关键词: 化肥, 高通量测序, 磷, 磷酸酶, phoD基因丰度和多样性

Abstract: This study was conducted at the national long-term experimental site of red soil fertility and fertilizer benefit in the Qiyang Red Soil Experimental Station, Hunan Province. There were four fertilization treatments: nitrogen fertilizer (N), NK fertilizer (NK), NP fertilizer (NP), NPK fertilizer (NPK). The effects of long-term applications of chemical fertilizers on soil P forms, phosphatase activity, and bacterial phoD gene abundance and diversity in red soils were examined using real-time quantitative PCR and high-throughput sequencing. Results showed that compared with N fertilizer only, N combined with P or K could retard soil acidification, and N combined with P could significantly increase the contents of all soil P forms. Furthermore, NP and NK treatments significantly increased soil alkaline phosphatase activity and the abundance of soil total bacteria and phoD gene compared with N treatment. Similarly, NPK treatment significantly increased soil alkaline phosphatase activity and soil total bacterial abundance, but decreased soil phoD gene abundance. However, both α and β diversity of phoD gene communities was similar across all the treatments. More than 45% of phoD gene originated from Pseudomonas and Janthinobacterium in all the treatments, respectively. Furthermore, there were significantly positive correlations between the relative abundance of Streptomyces, Massilia, Brevundimonas and the contents of soil P forms. Our findings indicated that the critical factors regulating functional bacterial abundance and phosphatase activity were distinct under different nutrient input conditions. Rational fertilization of NPK could increase soil P content and phosphatase activity and change phoD gene abundance and community structure, which could improve soil P supply. However, long-term application of chemical fertilizers caused simplification of soil microbial community.

Key words: chemical fertilizer, high-throughput sequencing, phosphorus, phosphatase, phoD gene abundance and diversity

黄文晶, 姜楠, 陈晓冬, 孙楠, 徐明岗, 陈振华, 张玉兰, 陈利军. 长期施用化肥对红壤磷形态、磷酸酶活性及phoD基因丰度和多样性的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2024, 43(2): 487-493.

HUANG Wenjing, JIANG Nan, CHEN Xiaodong, SUN Nan, XU Minggang, CHEN Zhenhua, ZHANG Yulan, CHEN Lijun. Effects of long-term application of chemical fertilizers on soil phosphorus forms, phosphatase activity and bacterial phoD gene abundance and diversity in red soil.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2024, 43(2): 487-493.

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长期施用化肥对红壤磷形态、磷酸酶活性及phoD基因丰度和多样性的影响

Effects of long-term application of chemical fertilizers on soil phosphorus forms, phosphatase activity and bacterial phoD gene abundance and diversity in red soil.

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