湖南省桑植县两栖动物物种组成及其环境因子的影响

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202506.002

生态学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 1891-1899.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202506.002

湖南省桑植县两栖动物物种组成及其环境因子的影响

侯德佳^1,4,高志伟¹,钱天宇¹,向建军²,肖能文³,刘高慧³,杨道德^1*

(¹中南林业科技大学野生动植物保护研究所, 长沙 410004; ²湖南八大公山国家级自然保护区管理处, 湖南张家界 427100; ³中国环境科学研究院, 北京 100012; ⁴海南省环境科学研究院, 海口 571126)

出版日期:2025-06-10 发布日期:2025-06-06

Species composition of amphibians and the environmental interpretation in Sangzhi County, Hunan Province, China.

HOU Dejia^1,4, GAO Zhiwei¹, QIAN Tianyu¹, XIANG Jianjun², XIAO Nengwen³, LIU Gaohui³, YANG Daode^1*

(¹Institute of Wildlife Conservation, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; ²Administration Bureau of Hunan Badagongshan National Nature Reserve, Zhangjiajie 427100, Hunan, China; ³Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; ⁴ Hainan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Haikou 571126, China).

Online:2025-06-10 Published:2025-06-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 探究两栖动物在不同海拔段、不同生境中的物种组成差异，揭示影响两栖动物物种组成的主要环境因子，对促进区域两栖动物有效管理和珍稀濒危物种科学保护具有重要意义。湖南省桑植县以山地森林生态系统为主，位于武陵山生物多样性保护优先区，适合开展物种组成及其环境因子影响的相关研究。本研究采用网格法和样线法，先将桑植县划分成10 km × 10 km的51个网格，再根据可达性、生境完整性和随机性的原则，从中选取23个网格，在每个网格内布设2~4条两栖动物调查样线，尽可能布设在河流、山溪或林缘地带，同时覆盖两栖动物主要分布海拔地段。2019年7—9月、2020年6—9月，共开展了3次实地调查。采用主坐标分析(PCoA)和相似性检验(ANOSIM)比较不同海拔段、不同生境间的两栖动物物种组成及差异，采用典范对应分析(CCA)探究影响两栖动物物种分布的主要环境因子。结果表明：本次调查共记录到30种两栖动物，占湖南省两栖动物物种总数的34.88%；有5种为国家二级保护野生动物，有4种的模式产地在桑植县；两栖动物物种组成在空间上存在极显著差异(P＜0.01)，可能与生境异质性有关；桑植县两栖动物物种组成主要受温度相关因子的影响；所选10个环境因子对桑植县两栖动物物种组成解释率为30.7%，其中仅气温年较差、等温性、最冷季平均温度的总效应与净效应达到显著水平，其解释率分别为10.5%、3.4%、3.0%，是影响桑植县两栖动物物种组成的主要因子。建议开展两栖动物资源补充调查和长期监测，完善较高海拔区间两栖动物保护措施，加强野生动物宣传和执法力度。

关键词: 两栖动物, 物种组成, 物种编目, 武陵山生物多样性保护优先区, 县域生物多样性调查

Abstract: Exploring species composition of amphibians at different altitudes and in different habitats and the main driving factors is of great significance for the effective management of regional amphibians and the scientific protection of endangered species. Sangzhi County in Hunan Province, dominated by mountain forest ecosystem, located in Wuling Mountain biodiversity conservation priority area, is suitable for research on species composition and environmental factors. Grid method and line-transect method were used to divide Sangzhi County into 51 grids of 10 km × 10 km. Considering accessibility, habitat integrity and randomness, we selected 23 grids in which 2-4 lines per grid of amphibian survey were laid. The transect lines were arranged in the river, mountain streams or forests, while covering the elevations where amphibians are mainly distributed. We conducted three field surveys from July to September 2019 and from June to September 2020. We used principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) to compare the composition of amphibian species at different altitudes and habitats. Meanwhile, canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was used to explore the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of amphibian species. We recorded 30 amphibian species, accounting for 34.88% of the total number of amphibian species in Hunan Province. Among which, five species are listed in the second class of National Key Protected Wild Animal List and four species are the type locality in Sangzhi County. The species composition of amphibians showed spatial variations (P<0.01), which may be related to habitat heterogeneity. The species composition of amphibians was mainly affected by factors related to temperature. The explanation rate of 10 environmental factors for amphibian species composition was 30.7%. The total and net effects of annual temperature variation, isotherm, and mean temperature of coldest quarter reached a significant level, and their explanation rates were 10.5%, 3.4% and 3.0%, respectively, which were the main factors affecting the amphibian species composition. According to the results obtained, the following suggestions are proposed: carrying out supplementary surveys and long-term monitoring of amphibian resources, perfecting amphibian protection measures at high altitudes, and strengthening wildlife publicity and law enforcement.

Key words: amphibian, species composition, species catalogue, Wuling Mountain biodiversity conservation priority area, county-level biodiversity survey

侯德佳, 高志伟, 钱天宇, 向建军, 肖能文, 刘高慧, 杨道德. 湖南省桑植县两栖动物物种组成及其环境因子的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2025, 44(6): 1891-1899.

HOU Dejia, GAO Zhiwei, QIAN Tianyu, XIANG Jianjun, XIAO Nengwen, LIU Gaohui, YANG Daode. Species composition of amphibians and the environmental interpretation in Sangzhi County, Hunan Province, China.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2025, 44(6): 1891-1899.

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湖南省桑植县两栖动物物种组成及其环境因子的影响

Species composition of amphibians and the environmental interpretation in Sangzhi County, Hunan Province, China.

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