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生态学杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (4): 1047-1056.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202403.027

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

贺兰山东坡不同植被类型凋落物层水文效应

何文强,陈林,庞丹波,曹萌豪,张雅琪,李学斌*   

  1. (宁夏大学生态环境学院, 西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室, 银川 750021)
  • 出版日期:2024-04-10 发布日期:2024-04-09

Hydrological effects of litter layer under different vegetation types on the eastern slope of the Helan Mountains.

HE Wenqiang, CHEN Lin, PANG Danbo, CAO Menghao, ZHANG Yaqi, LI Xuebin*   

  1. (College of Ecology and Environment, Ningxia University, Key Laboratory of Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwest China, Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750021, China).

  • Online:2024-04-10 Published:2024-04-09

摘要: 以宁夏贺兰山东坡7种植被为对象,采用野外调查和室内实验的方法研究凋落物水文效应,以期探讨不同植被类型和分解层凋落物水源涵养能力的差异。结果表明:(1)不同植被类型,凋落物蓄积量为1.56~60.78 t·hm-2,凋落物最大持水量为6.34~10.91 t·hm-2;最大持水率为126.8%~199.1%,最大拦蓄率为125.0%~190.4%;有效拦蓄率为105.9%~160.6%;有效拦蓄量为2.59~15.22 t·hm-2;对不同分解层而言,凋落物蓄积量为12.19~71.60 t·hm-2,凋落物最大持水量为4.91~10.16 t·hm-2,最大持水率为112.5%~207.3%,最大拦蓄率为104.0%~193.8%,有效拦蓄率为87.1%~162.7%,最大拦蓄量为2.41~53.14 t·hm-2,有效拦蓄量为2.00~44.65 t·hm-2。(2)不同植被类型凋落物蓄积量、最大拦蓄量以及有效拦蓄量表现出了相对一致的规律,均表现出青海云杉林(Picea crassifolia)、油松林(Pinus tabuliformis)以及混交林最大;而在不同分解层均表现出已分解层和半分解层最大。(3)不同植被类型不同分解层凋落物的持水量、失水量分别与浸水时间和失水时间呈显著的对数函数关系(P<0.01),吸水速率、失水速率分别与浸水时间和失水时间呈显著的幂函数关系(P<0.01)。综合比较7种植被类型不同分解层凋落物的持水、拦蓄能力,发现青海云杉林、油松林、混交林等3种乔木针叶林的凋落物水源涵养能力最强,不同分解层之间以已分解层和半分解层水源涵养能力最强。可见,该地区凋落物的水源涵养能力在不同植被类型和分解层间有明显分异特征。


关键词: 贺兰山东坡, 植被, 分解层, 凋落物水文效应

Abstract:

Seven vegetation types on the eastern slope of the Helan Mountains in Ningxia were selected to study the hydrological effects of litter layer by means of field investigations and indoor experiments, aiming to explore the differences in the water-holding capacity of litter layer in different vegetation types and decomposition layers. The results showed that: (1) Across different vegetation types, the amount of litter stock ranged from 1.56 to 60.78 t·hm-2, and the maximum water-holding capacity of litter ranged from 6.34 to 10.91 t·hm-2. The maximum water-holding capacity ranged from 126.8% to 199.1%, and the maximum retention rate ranged from 125.0% to 190.4%. The effective retention rate ranged from 105.9% to 160.6%. The effective storage volume ranged from 2.59 to 15.22 t·hm-2. For different decomposition layers, litter stock ranged from 12.19 to 71.60 t·hm-2, the maximum waterholding capacity of litter ranged from 4.91 to 10.16 t·hm-2, the maximum water-holding rate ranged from 112.5% to 207.3%, the maximum storage rate ranged from 104.0% to 193.8%, the effective retention rate ranged from 87.1% to 162.7%, the maximum retention capacity ranged from 2.41 to 53.14 t·hm-2, and the effective retention capacity ranged from 2.00 to 44.65 t·hm-2. (2) The stock, maximum retention, and effective retention of litter showed a relatively consistent pattern among different vegetation types, with the largest amount in Picea crassifolia forest, Pinus tabuliformis forest and mixed forest, and the largest amount in decomposed and semi-decomposed layers among different decomposition layers. (3) The water-holding capacity and water loss of different decomposing layers of different vegetation types showed significant logarithmic function relationships (P<0.01), and the water uptake rate and water loss rate showed significant power function relationships (P<0.01) with the immersion time and water loss time, respectively. A comprehensive comparison of water retention capacity of litter in different decomposition layers of the seven vegetation types showed that water retention capacity of litter was strongest in three types of tree conifer forests, i.e. Picea crassifolia forest, Pinus tabuliformis forest, and mixed forest with those two species, and the water retention capacity of decomposed and semi-decomposed layers was strongest. Taken together, water retention capacity of litter in the region obviously differed among different vegetation types and decomposition layers.


Key words: eastern slope of the Helan Mountains, vegetation, decomposition layer, litter hydrological effect