声音监测技术在鄱阳湖典型湿地鸟类多样性监测中的应用

生态学杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (9): 3025-3032.

• 技术与方法 • 上一篇

声音监测技术在鄱阳湖典型湿地鸟类多样性监测中的应用

游海林¹,吴永明¹,徐力刚^2*,程俊翔²,刘丽贞¹,姚忠¹,辛在军¹

（¹江西省科学院鄱阳湖研究中心，南昌 330096；²中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所，中国科学院流域地理学重点实验室，南京 210008）

出版日期:2021-09-10 发布日期:2021-09-18

Application of soundscape monitoring technology in bird diversity monitoring at the typical wetland of Poyang Lake.

YOU Hai-lin¹, WU Yong-ming¹, XU Li-gang^2*, CHENG Jun-xiang², LIU Li-zhen¹, YAO Zhong¹, XIN Zai-jun¹

(¹Poyang Lake Research Centre, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China; ²Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China).

Online:2021-09-10 Published:2021-09-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 声音是大自然的基本属性，利用声音监测技术开展鸟类多样性和丰富度的研究可以有效弥补传统鸟类调查方法的不足。本研究以鄱阳湖典型人控湖汊芳兰湖为区域，于2020年4—6月采用专业的声音仪器Song Meter SM4在研究区域布设的监测点采集每天00:00、06:00、12:00和18:00时刻的鸟类声音数据，借助统计软件R中声音处理程序包将鸟类声音数据转化为具有生物信息的声学指标——生物声学指数（BI指数），用以阐明这3个月每天凌晨、早上、中午和傍晚对应的鸟类多样性特征及活动习性强弱程度，揭示鄱阳湖典型湿地长时间序列的鸟类多样性特征，并采用Mann-Kendall检验法对鸟类多样性特征序列进行趋势和突变性分析，最后利用Morlet小波分析方法对其进行多时间尺度特征分析。结果表明：（1）3个月凌晨、早上、中午和傍晚时刻对应的BI指数值各有差异，分别为5.73～63.49、5.76～67.00、3.36～60.24和4.91～52.62，且这4个时刻BI指数值在整体上均呈现增加趋势。（2）Mann-Kendall突变性检验发现，这3个月份的BI指数序列在2020年4月27日06:00左右的时候发生突变，突变发生的主要原因是受人类活动的影响。（3）逐日平均BI指数序列在演变过程中存在着12～30、10～18、4～9天3类时间尺度的周期性变化规律，其小波方差存在3个较为明显的峰值，分别对应24、15和7天的时间尺度。本研究属于一种探索性研究，旨在为鸟类种群特征和行为特征及多样性研究提供一种较新的技术途径，也同时为其他动物（如两栖动物、昆虫等）多样性研究提供技术参考。

关键词: 声音监测技术, 生物声学指数, 鸟类多样性, 芳兰湖湿地, 鄱阳湖

Abstract: Sound is a fundamental attribute of nature. Using the soundscape technology to monitor bird diversity and richness can effectively overcome the deficiency of traditional methods. The sound data of wetland birds at 00:00, 06:00, 12:00 and 18:00 of each day during April to June in 2020 were collected using Song Meter SM4, a professional collection instrument, in Fanglan Lake, a typical human-controlled lake in Poyang Lake. Using the professional sound processing packages (i.e. seewave, tuneR, and soundecology) in the statistical software R, all the collected sound data were analyzed and converted into bioacoustic index (BI). The main aims were to clarify the corresponding bird diversity and activity habits in the early morning, morning, noon and evening of each day during these three months, and to reveal the characteristics of bird diversity in a longtime sequence at the typical wetland of Poyang Lake. The MannKendall test method was used to analyze the trend and mutation of bird diversity characteristic sequence. The Morlet wavelet analysis method was applied to analyze its multitemporal scale characteristics. The results showed that: (1) The BI values at 00:00, 06:00, 12:00, and 18:00 within the three months were different, with ranges of 5.73-63.49, 5.76-67.00, 3.36-60.24, and 4.91-52.62, respectively. The BI values generally showed an increasing trend. (2) The Mann-Kendall mutation test indicated that all the BI sequences for three months had a sudden change around 06:00 on April 27 in 2020, which was mainly caused by human activities. (3) The evolution of daily average BI values showed three types of periodic change scales of 12-30, 10-18, and 4-9 days. The wavelet variance had three significant peaks, corresponding to the time scales of 24, 15, and 7 days. As an exploratory research, this study could provide a new technical approach for the research on bird population, behavior characteristic and its diversity, as well as the diversity monitoring research for other animals (amphibians, insects, etc.).

Key words: soundscape monitoring technology, bioacoustic index, bird diversity, Fanglan Lake wetland, Poyang Lake.

游海林, 吴永明, 徐力刚, 程俊翔, 刘丽贞, 姚忠, 辛在军. 声音监测技术在鄱阳湖典型湿地鸟类多样性监测中的应用[J]. 生态学杂志, 2021, 40(9): 3025-3032.

YOU Hai-lin, WU Yong-ming, XU Li-gang, CHENG Jun-xiang, LIU Li-zhen, YAO Zhong, XIN Zai-jun. Application of soundscape monitoring technology in bird diversity monitoring at the typical wetland of Poyang Lake.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2021, 40(9): 3025-3032.

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声音监测技术在鄱阳湖典型湿地鸟类多样性监测中的应用

Application of soundscape monitoring technology in bird diversity monitoring at the typical wetland of Poyang Lake.

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