黄河小浪底水库水沙调控与溶解性硝酸盐输出变化

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202207.031

生态学杂志 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (7): 1307-1315.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202207.031

• 黄河流域生态保护与修复专栏 • 上一篇下一篇

黄河小浪底水库水沙调控与溶解性硝酸盐输出变化

张东^1*,段慧真¹,蒋浩²,郭文静¹,葛文彪¹,薛天¹,李玉红¹,陈昊¹,高振朋¹,黄兴宇¹,麻冰涓¹

(¹河南理工大学资源环境学院，河南焦作 454000； ²中国科学院武汉植物园，水生植物与流域生态重点实验室，武汉 430074)

出版日期:2022-07-10 发布日期:2022-07-08

Changes of dissolved nitrate output due to water-sediment regulation of Xiaolangdi Reservoir in the Yellow River.

ZHANG Dong^1*, DUAN Hui-zhen¹, JIANG Hao², GUO Wen-jing¹, GE Wen-biao¹, XUE Tian¹, LI Yu-hong¹, CHEN Hao¹, GAO Zhen-peng¹, HUANG Xing-yu¹, MA Bing-juan¹

(¹School of Resource & Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, Henan, China; ²Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China).

Online:2022-07-10 Published:2022-07-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 人为输入氮和磷通过河流体系输送到河流下游以及海洋，给河流以及滨海生态系统带来压力，但河流水沙调控过程带来的溶解性硝酸盐(NO₃^-)输出变化尚不清楚。本研究借助黄河小浪底水库水沙调控过程，通过对比分析水库下游300 km范围河水在泄水阶段和泄泥沙阶段水NO₃^-含量以及硝酸盐氮和氧同位素(δ¹⁵N-NO3和δ¹⁸O-NO3)组成，说明河水NO₃^-来源变化及其对水沙调控的响应。结果表明，2018年6月底泄清水阶段河水NO₃^-含量中间值为13.11 mg·L^-1，均值为13.04±1.20 mg·L^-1 (n=11)，δ¹⁵N-NO3和δ¹⁸O-NO3中间值为1.8‰和8.8‰，均值分别为2.2‰±1.6‰ (n=11)和9.2‰±2.1‰ (n=11)；2018年7月上旬泄泥沙阶段河水NO₃^-含量中间值为15.46 mg·L^-1，均值为15.42±1.26 mg·L^-1 (n=10)，δ¹⁵N-NO3和δ¹⁸O-NO3中间值为1.3‰和9.4‰，均值分别为0.6‰±2.1‰ (n=10)和8.9‰±1.7‰ (n=9)；单因素方差分析结果表明，泄水阶段和泄沙阶段NO₃^-含量以及δ¹⁵N-NO3组成均存在显著差异(P<0.05)，但δ¹⁸O-NO3差异不明显(P>0.05)；黄河干流河水NO₃^-主要来自于土壤NO₃^-和化肥NO₃^-，泄水阶段贡献比例为15.1%±11.2%和63.7%±10.8%，泄沙阶段贡献比例为11.2%±10.6%和70.4%±11.6%。泄泥沙阶段化肥NO₃^-对河水NO₃^-贡献比例增大，与泄沙阶段河道内农田淹没导致化肥NO₃^-释放有关。研究结果初步探究了黄河小浪底水库水沙调控过程对河水NO₃^-行为的影响机制，在泄泥沙阶段，河水流量增加导致化学肥料NO₃^-输出量增加，对黄河下游水体生态系统存在潜在影响。

关键词: 黄河小浪底水库, 水沙调控, 硝酸盐, 氮和氧同位素, 铵氧化作用

Abstract: Anthropogenic nitrogen and phosphate inputs into river exert heavy pressure on the river and coastal ecosystems. The riverine nitrate flux impacted by watersediment regulation scheme (WSRS) is unclear. Based on WSRS in the Xiaolangdi Reservoir in the Yellow River, we analyzed the nitrate (NO₃^-) concentrations and dual nitrate isotope ratios (δ¹⁵N-NO3 and δ¹⁸O-NO3) of river water during water regulation and sediment regulation, respectively, to clarify nitrate sources and their responses to WSRS. The results showed that during water regulation in late June 2018, the median and mean value of NO₃^- concentrations were 13.11 mg·L^-1 and 13.04±1.20 mg·L^-1 (n=11), respectively, and the median and mean values were .8‰ and 2.2‰±1.6‰ (n=11) for δ¹⁵N-NO3, and 8.8‰ and 9.2‰±2.1‰ (n=11) for δ¹⁸O-NO3, respectively. During the sediment regulation in early July 2018, the median and mean values of NO₃^- concentrations were 15.46 mg·L^-1 and 15.42±1.26 mg·L^-1 (n=10), respectively. The δ¹⁵N-NO3 had the median and mean values of 1.3‰ and 0.6‰±2.1‰ (n=10), and δ¹⁸O-NO3 had the median and mean values of 9.4‰ and 8.9‰±1.7‰ (n=9), respectively. The results of one-way ANOVA showed significant difference in NO₃^- and δ¹⁵N-NO3 values (P<0.05) between the two phases, but not for δ¹⁸O-NO3values (P>0.05). The nitrate of main stream riverine was mainly derived from soil nitrate and chemical fertilizer nitrate. During water regulation, the fractions of soil nitrate and chemical fertilizer nitrate were 15.1%±11.2% and 63.7%±10.8%, respectively. During the sediment regulation, their contributions were 11.2%±10.6% and 70.4%±11.6%, respectively. The more contributions of chemical fertilizer to riverine nitrate during sediment regulation were probably resulted from chemical fertilizer nitrate in soil due to waterlogging. We discussed the factors affecting nitrate behaviors during WSRS in the Yellow River. The increases of nitrate fluxes in the sediment regulation were due to chemical fertilizer nitrate in the soil induced by the artificial flood, with potential impacts on the downstream aquatic ecosystem in the Yellow River.

Key words: Xiaolangdi Reservoir in the Yellow River, water-sediment regulation scheme, nitrate, nitrogen and oxygen isotopes, ammonium oxidation.

张东, 段慧真, 蒋浩, 郭文静, 葛文彪, 薛天, 李玉红, 陈昊, 高振朋, 黄兴宇, 麻冰涓. 黄河小浪底水库水沙调控与溶解性硝酸盐输出变化[J]. 生态学杂志, 2022, 41(7): 1307-1315.

ZHANG Dong, DUAN Hui-zhen, JIANG Hao, GUO Wen-jing, GE Wen-biao, XUE Tian, LI Yu-hong, CHEN Hao, GAO Zhen-peng, HUANG Xing-yu, MA Bing-juan. Changes of dissolved nitrate output due to water-sediment regulation of Xiaolangdi Reservoir in the Yellow River.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2022, 41(7): 1307-1315.

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黄河小浪底水库水沙调控与溶解性硝酸盐输出变化

Changes of dissolved nitrate output due to water-sediment regulation of Xiaolangdi Reservoir in the Yellow River.

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