模拟降雨条件下典型草原坡面初始产流时间及产流产沙量

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202207.028

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 典型草原坡面产流产沙方式独特，侵蚀过程复杂，量化影响该类坡面产流产沙变化因素的贡献，对揭示草原土壤侵蚀机理具有重要意义。本文设计3个降雨强度（30、60、90 mm·h^-1）、3个坡度（4°、9°、14°）以及3种植被盖度（0、35%和66%）的27种组合，开展野外人工模拟降雨条件下典型草原坡面产流产沙试验，定量分析在不同降雨强度下，植被盖度和坡度对坡面初始产流时间及产流产沙总量的影响。结果表明：草地坡面产流、产沙总量与降雨强度和坡度均呈正相关，与植被盖度呈负相关，初始产流时间则与之相反。降雨强度、植被盖度、坡度对初始产流时间、产流总量和产沙总量影响显著（P<0.05），其中，降雨强度主要控制初始产流时间，贡献率在60%左右，植被盖度为影响产流总量的主要因素，贡献率在75%以上，产沙总量则与坡面坡度关系密切，贡献率值55%以上，基于雨强、坡度及植被盖度对典型草原坡面径流过程的影响，建立径流含沙量模型，径流含沙量模型可用三元指数函数方程来描述，决定系数为0.824，显著性水平<0.001，模拟精度较好。本研究可为典型草原坡面产流产沙总量的模拟和预测提供参考。

关键词: 典型草原, 土壤侵蚀, 坡面径流, 人工降雨, 径流含沙量模型

Abstract: The runoff and sediment yield of typical grassland slope is unique, while the erosion process is complex. It is of great significance to quantify the contribution of the factors affecting the runoff and sediment yield on typical grassland slope. In this study, we carried out field experiments to examine runoff and sediment yield on a typical grassland under artificial simulated rainfall conditions, with three rainfall intensities (30, 60, 90 mm·h^-1), three slopes (4°, 9°, 14°), and three vegetation coverages (0, 35%, 66%). The effects of vegetation coverage and slope on initial runoff time and total sediment yield were quantitatively analyzed under different rainfall intensities. The results showed that the total runoff and sediment yield were positively correlated with rainfall intensity and slope, but negatively correlated with vegetation coverage. The pattern of the initial runoff time was opposite to that of the total runoff and sediment yield. Rainfall intensity, vegetation coverage and slope had significant effects on initial runoff time, total runoff, and total sediment yield (P<0.05). The initial runoff yield time was mainly controlled by rainfall intensity, with a contribution rate of about 60%. Vegetation coverage was the main factor affecting the total runoff, with a contribution rate of more than 75%. Slope was closely related to total sediment yield, with a contribution of more than 55%. The runoff sediment concentration model was established based on the effects of rainfall intensity, slope and vegetation coverage on the runoff process of typical grassland. The runoff sediment concentration model could be described by a three element exponential function, with a determination coefficient of 0.824 and a significance level of less than 0.001, implying good simulation accuracy. This study provides a reference for the simulation and prediction of total runoff and sediment yield on typical grasslands.

Key words: typical grassland, soil erosion, slope runoff, artificial rainfall, runoff sediment concentration model.

陈泽勋, 刘廷玺, 王怡璇, 张俊怡, 段利民. 模拟降雨条件下典型草原坡面初始产流时间及产流产沙量[J]. 生态学杂志, 2022, 41(7): 1316-1323.

CHEN Ze-xun, LIU Ting-xi, WANG Yi-xuan, ZHANG Jun-yi, DUAN Li-min. Quantitative analysis of the contribution of different rainfall conditions to runoff and sediment yield on typical grassland slope.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2022, 41(7): 1316-1323.

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模拟降雨条件下典型草原坡面初始产流时间及产流产沙量

Quantitative analysis of the contribution of different rainfall conditions to runoff and sediment yield on typical grassland slope.

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