镉锌超积累植物伴矿景天焚烧飞灰的重金属浸出特性及安全处置

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202201.007

生态学杂志 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 116-123.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202201.007

镉锌超积累植物伴矿景天焚烧飞灰的重金属浸出特性及安全处置

赵波^1,2,钟道旭^1,3,张亚平⁴,吴龙华^1,2*

（¹中国科学院土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室，南京土壤研究所，南京 210008；²中国科学院大学，北京 100049；³江苏省环境科学研究院，江苏省环境工程重点试验室，南京 210036； ⁴东南大学能源与环境学院，能源热转换及其过程测控教育部重点实验室，南京 210096）

出版日期:2022-01-10 发布日期:2022-06-10

Leaching of potentially toxic elements and safe treatment of fly ash following incineration of the cadmium and zinc hyperaccumulator Sedum plumbizincicola.

HAO Bo^1,2, ZHONG Dao-xu^1,3, ZHANG Ya-ping⁴, WU Long-hua^1,2*

(¹CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; ²University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; ³Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing 210036, China; ⁴Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Process Measurement and Control of the Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China).

Online:2022-01-10 Published:2022-06-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究超积累植物伴矿景天焚烧灰浸出回收有价金属的可行性，以800 ℃流化床焚烧旋风灰为材料，研究盐酸、硝酸、氯化铵以及不同浓度、液固比和浸出时间对飞灰中重金属浸出规律的影响，同时评价浸出残渣的安全性。结果表明：浸提剂种类、浓度及液固比是影响浸出的重要参数，浸出时间的影响较小，酸性浸提剂浸出能力明显强于氯化铵盐溶液浸出；飞灰中镉（Cd）、锌（Zn）和铅（Pb）的浸出均符合阳离子浸出模式，浸出率随着浓度、液固比增大而增加，Cd、Zn和Pb在优化条件下浸出率最大分别为94.9%、90.2%和92.4%；增大液固比可有效提高残灰的安全性。优选浸出参数为1 mol·L^-1盐酸、液固比为16∶1和浸出时间30 min，在最优条件下浸出能实现焚烧飞灰的无害化处理，浸出残灰达到填埋场入场要求，浸出液可进一步处理回收有价金属。

关键词: 焚烧飞灰, 重金属, 浸出, 伴矿景天

Abstract: We used fluidized bed incineration (800 ℃) cyclone ash to assess the feasibility of recovering metal(loid)s in the incineration ash of the hyperaccumulator Sedum plumbizincicola. We examined the factors affecting the leaching characteristics of metal(loid)s in fly ash, namely extractant type (hydrochloric acid, nitric acid or ammonium chloride) and concentration, liquid/solid ratio and leaching time. Furthermore, we evaluated the safety of the leaching residues. The type, concentration, and liquid-solid ratio of the extractant were important parameters influencing metal leaching performance, whereas leaching time had minor influence. Acids (hydrochloric acid, HCl; or nitric acid, HNO₃) showed higher leaching efficiency than ammonium chloride. The leaching characteristics of cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), and lead (Pb) in fly ash can bedescribedby the cationic leaching mode. The leaching efficiency of Cd, Zn, and Pb increased with increasing concentration and liquid/solid ratio of extractants, with the maximum leaching rates reaching 94.9%, 90.2%, and 92.4%, respectively. The environmental risk from leaching residues was effectively reduced by increasing the liquid/solid ratio of the extractant. An optimum leaching procedure with 1 mol·L^-1 HCl at a liquid/solid ratio of 16:1 for 30 minutes is suggested for the routine treatment of fly ash of S. plumbizincicola, which may meet the requirement for landfill. The leachates may be further used for the recovery of high-value metals.

Key words: incineration fly ash, heavy metal, leaching, Sedum plumbizincicola.

赵波, 钟道旭, 张亚平, 吴龙华. 镉锌超积累植物伴矿景天焚烧飞灰的重金属浸出特性及安全处置[J]. 生态学杂志, 2022, 41(1): 116-123.

HAO Bo, ZHONG Dao-xu, ZHANG Ya-ping, WU Long-hua. Leaching of potentially toxic elements and safe treatment of fly ash following incineration of the cadmium and zinc hyperaccumulator Sedum plumbizincicola.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2022, 41(1): 116-123.

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镉锌超积累植物伴矿景天焚烧飞灰的重金属浸出特性及安全处置

Leaching of potentially toxic elements and safe treatment of fly ash following incineration of the cadmium and zinc hyperaccumulator Sedum plumbizincicola.

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