内蒙古典型铅锌矿及其影响区地下水重金属污染生态环境风险评估

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202312.002

生态学杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (12): 2853-2863.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202312.002

• 重金属污染与修复专栏 • 上一篇下一篇

内蒙古典型铅锌矿及其影响区地下水重金属污染生态环境风险评估

张紫翔¹,马龙^1*,刘廷玺¹,孙国华²,李耀³,包玉风⁴

（¹内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院，呼和浩特 010018； ²内蒙古巴彦淖尔市水文水资源勘测中心，内蒙古巴彦淖尔 015000； ³内蒙古自治区水利事业发展中心，呼和浩特 010000； ⁴内蒙古通辽市水文水资源勘测中心，内蒙古通辽 028000）

出版日期:2023-12-10 发布日期:2024-06-10

Assessment of the ecological risk of heavy metal pollution in groundwater of typical lead-zinc mine and influenced area in Inner Mongolia.

ZHANG Zixiang¹, MA Long^1*, LIU Tingxi¹, SUN Guohua², LI Yao³, BAO Yufeng⁴#br#

#br#

(¹College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; ²Bayannaoer Hydrology and Water Resources Survey Center, Inner Mongolia, Bayannaoer 015000, Inner Mongolia, China; ³Water Resources Development Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010000, China; ⁴Tongliao Hydrology and Water Resources Survey Center, Inner Mongolia, Tongliaoshi 028000, Inner Mongolia, China).

Online:2023-12-10 Published:2024-06-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 重金属具有毒性大、易富集、难降解等特点，对生态环境构成潜在威胁。目前已建立的地下水重金属污染生态环境风险评估指标体系考虑外在影响因素相对较少，评估结果合理性有待提升。本研究对内蒙古典型铅锌矿及影响区地下水中的8种重金属含量，用单因子与模糊数学法进行重金属环境质量评价。结果显示：地下水Ni含量整体超标，而Pb、Mn、Zn、As、Se和Cd存在不同程度超标，Cu未超标，空间上地下水整体处于Ⅳ～Ⅴ类，局部为Ⅰ～Ⅱ类，其分布既受到人类活动影响，又受到土壤矿物、水动力特征等天然因素影响；潜在生态风险评价结果表明，单项潜在生态风险指数中，As、Se和Cd是轻微与很强等级间，但Cd波动较大且不稳定，Mn为中等风险，其他为轻微风险等级，多元素综合潜在生态风险为中等及以上风险，局部为轻微风险等级；通过层次分析法进行地下水重金属污染的生态环境风险评估，结果发现，研究区处于低风险与高风险等级之间，空间上由西北向东南方向递减，中等和高等风险区域占研究区31.3%，位于采矿活动区及尾矿附近。经对比发现，其结果较合理，能够真实反映实际生态环境风险情况，评估结果对当地环境污染治理提供一定参考，该评估指标体系可为相似地区生态环境评估提供支持。

关键词: 地下水, 重金属污染, 风险评估, 铅锌矿

Abstract: Heavy metals have the characteristics of high toxicity, easy accumulation, and refractory degradation, which pose a potential threat to the ecological environment. The established ecological environment risk assessment index system of heavy metals in groundwater considers relatively limited external factors, and the rationality of the assessment results needs to be improved. In this study, based on the contents and spatial distributions of eight heavy metals in groundwater in typical lead-zinc mines and surrounding areas in Inner Mongolia, single factor and fuzzy mathematics were used to evaluate the environmental quality of heavy metals. The results showed that the Ni content in groundwater generally exceeded the standard, while Pb, Mn, Zn, As, Se and Cd exceeded the standard to varying degrees, and Cu did not exceed the standard. Spatially, the groundwater was generally at grades IV-V, and locally at grades I-II. The distribution of heavy metals was affected by human activities, as well as by natural factors such as soil minerals and hydrodynamic characteristics. The results of the potential ecological risk assessment showed that the single potential ecological risk index for As, Se, and Cd was between mild and strong levels, while fluctuated greatly for Cd, moderate for Mn, and mild for the rest. The comprehensive potential ecological risk of multiple elements was moderate or severe, with slight risk locally. The ecological environment risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in groundwater was carried out by the analytic hierarchy process, and the results showed that the ecoenvironmental risks in the study area was between low and high levels, decreasing spatially from northwest to southeast, and the areas with medium or high risk levels accounting for 31.3% of the study area, which was located near the mining activity area and tailings. Our results were reasonable and comprehensive, reflecting the actual eco-environment risk. The evaluation results can provide reference for local environmental pollution control, while the evaluation index system can provide support for ecological environment assessment in similar areas.

Key words: groundwater, heavy metal pollution, risk assessment, lead-zinc mine.

张紫翔, 马龙, 刘廷玺, 孙国华, 李耀, 包玉风. 内蒙古典型铅锌矿及其影响区地下水重金属污染生态环境风险评估[J]. 生态学杂志, 2023, 42(12): 2853-2863.

ZHANG Zixiang, MA Long, LIU Tingxi, SUN Guohua, LI Yao, BAO Yufeng. Assessment of the ecological risk of heavy metal pollution in groundwater of typical lead-zinc mine and influenced area in Inner Mongolia.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2023, 42(12): 2853-2863.

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内蒙古典型铅锌矿及其影响区地下水重金属污染生态环境风险评估

Assessment of the ecological risk of heavy metal pollution in groundwater of typical lead-zinc mine and influenced area in Inner Mongolia.

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