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生态学杂志 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (9): 2148-2155.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202309.033

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

黔西北土壤重金属高背景区晚疫病马铃薯根际土壤真菌群落特征

任益1,3,刘鸿雁1,2*,吴龙华3,王旭莲1,梅雪1,简槐良1,赵路玥1


  

  1. 1贵州大学农学院, 贵阳 550025; 2喀斯特地质资源与环境教育部重点实验室, 贵阳 550025; 3中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室, 南京 210008)

  • 出版日期:2023-09-10 发布日期:2023-09-04

The characteristics of fungal community in the rhizosphere soil of potato infected by late blight in an area with high geological background of heavy metals in Northwest Guizhou.

REN Yi1,3, LIU Hongyan1,2*, WU Longhua3, WANG Xulian1, MEI Xue1, JIAN Huailiang1, ZHAO Luyue1#br#

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  1. (1College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; 2Key Laboratory of Karst Geological Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang 550025, China; 3Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China).

  • Online:2023-09-10 Published:2023-09-04

摘要: 黔西北威宁县是典型的重金属地质高背景与污染叠加区,马铃薯是该县重要的农业产业之一,由致病疫霉引起的马铃薯晚疫病发生率高。为探究重金属地质高背景下根际土壤微生物群落对马铃薯晚疫病发生的响应,本研究以田间马铃薯晚疫病植株与健康植株根际土壤为对象,通过Illumina Hiseq高通量测序技术,分析不同品种马铃薯晚疫病植株与健康植株根际土壤真菌群落组成及多样性差异。结果表明:研究区土壤Cd浓度为1.75~2.67 mg·kg-1,污染严重,Cr、Ni和Zn也有轻度污染,不同马铃薯品种晚疫病发病率为威芋3号(21%)>威芋5号(13%)>青薯9号(5%);门水平下子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota)和属水平下被孢霉属(Mortierella)、青霉菌属(Penicillium)为发病马铃薯根际土壤真菌的优势种;3个品种发病与未发病植株根际土壤真菌α多样性没有显著差异。晚疫病植株中,抗性较强的青薯9号根际土壤真菌群落多样性高,而抗性较弱的威芋3号表现出群落多样性较低、丰富度高的特点;PCoA主成分分析表明,马铃薯晚疫病植株与健康植株根际土壤真菌群落结构发生了明显分离。冗余分析结果表明,土壤Cd和pH是影响马铃薯根际土壤真菌群落组成的最大环境因子。重金属污染下马铃薯感染晚疫病后根际土壤真菌优势菌门、属占比发生改变,抗病性低的威芋3号马铃薯染病后根际土壤含有更多的致病菌,可能会对马铃薯晚疫病的发生产生直接或间接的影响。


关键词: 黔西北地质高背景区, 重金属, 马铃薯晚疫病, 根际土壤, 真菌

Abstract: Weining is a typical county with both high geological background and heavy metal pollution in Northwest Guizhou. Potato (Solanum tuberosum) production is one of the important agricultural industries in the county. There is high incidence of potato late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans. Here, we investigated the response of the rhizosphere soil microbial community to the occurrence of potato late blight in the context of high heavy metal geology. The fungal community composition and diversity of rhizosphere soil of potato late blight infected plants and healthy plants of different cultivars were analyzed by Illumina Hiseq high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that soil Cd concentration ranged from 1.75 to 2.67 mg·kg-1, showing a serious contamination. Cr, Ni, and Zn were also slightly contaminated. The incidence of late blight in different potato cultivars was in an order of Weiyu 3 (21%) > Weiyu 5 (13%) > Qingshu 9 (5%). The dominant fungi in the rhizosphere soil of potato plants infected with late blight were Ascomycota and Mortierellomycota at the phylum level and Mortierella and Penicillium at the genus level. There was no difference for αdiversity of fungal community between plants with and without late blight infection for the three cultivars. Among the late blight infected plants, the resistant cultivar Qingshu 9 showed a higher fungal community diversity in the rhizosphere soil, while the sensitive cultivar Weiyu 3 showed a lower fungal community diversity and a higher relative abundance. Results of principal coordinates analysis showed that rhizosphere soil fungal community structure of potato late blight infected plants and healthy plants was significantly separated. The results of redundancy analysis showed that soil Cd content and pH greatly affected fungal community composition of rhizosphere soil. The proportion of dominant fungi phyla and genera in the rhizosphere soil of potatoes infected with late blight was changed under the contamination by heavy metals. There were more pathogenic fungi in the rhizosphere soil of Weiyu 3 potato with low disease resistance, which may have direct or indirect effects on the occurrence of potato late blight.


Key words: high geological background area in Northwest Guizhou, heavy metal, potato late blight, rhizosphere soil, fungal community.