关键词: 建筑三维信息, CFD模拟, 风速, 三维空间, 时空演变

Abstract: Studies of the spatiotemporal variations of wind environment during urban three-dimensional development are important for solving the problems of heat island and air pollution. In this study, we simulated the wind environment of Shibei District, Qingdao from 2003 to 2018 by PHOENICS software based on the buildings’ 3D information obtained from high-resolution satellite images and analyzed the spatiotemporal variations of wind environment in 3D space. The results showed that the wind speed in summer and winter decreased, the area ratio of low wind speed increased, and the area ratio of high wind speed decreased year by year. The spatiotemporal variation of wind speed was consistent at the heights of 1.5, 10, and 30 m. The distribution of wind speed was uneven, with wind speed being high in the area with sparse buildings and low in the area with dense buildings. The area of calm wind zone at the height of 1.5 m increased significantly year by year. From 1.5 m to 30 m, wind speed decreased yearly, with the deceleration rate increased with the increases of height. The average building height, building coverage ratio and floor area ratio were negatively correlated with the average wind speed and the area ratio of comfort zone, and positively correlated with the area ratio of calm and strong wind zone.

Key words: building’s three-dimensional information, CFD simulation, wind speed, threedimensional space, spatiotemporal evolution.