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喀斯特高原峡谷石漠化治理过程中土壤理化性质的变化

崔高仰1,4,容丽2*,李晓东3,檀迪1,4#br#   

  1. (1 中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室, 贵阳 550081; 2 贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院, 贵阳 550001; 3 天津大学表层地球系统科学研究院, 天津 300072; 4 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049)
  • 出版日期:2017-05-10 发布日期:2017-05-10

Changes of soil physicochemical properties during rocky desertification control in karst mountaincanyon region.

CUI Gao-yang1,4, RONG Li2*, LI Xiang-Dong3, TAN Di1,4#br#   

  1. (1State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang 550081, China; 2 School of Geography and Environmental Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; 3 Institute of SurfaceEarth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; 4 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China).
  • Online:2017-05-10 Published:2017-05-10

摘要: 采用时序研究法,对2006—2013年喀斯特高原峡谷石漠化治理过程中5种石漠化阶段的土壤理化性质进行动态监测,研究土壤理化性质的时空演变规律,为石漠化的进一步治理提供科学依据。结果表明:随着治理时间增加,土壤理化性质整体上得到改善,主要体现在土壤毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度、田间毛管持水量、渗透速率、pH值、全K、速效K及全P含量增加;随着时间增加,土壤理化性质表现出前期(2006—2010年)平稳、波动甚至恶化,后期(2010—2013年)大幅改善的非线性变化特点,说明一方面土壤质量对植物群落结构优化和小气候改善的响应存在滞后效应,另一方面也受到2009—2010年西南大旱的影响;空间尺度上,无石漠化环境土壤理化性质表现最好,其余4种石漠化阶段之间的理化性质多年均值差异不明显,说明经过长期治理,不同石漠化阶段之间的土壤理化性质差异缩小,同时“空间指示时间”手段在此并不适用;潜在轻度石漠化环境部分土壤理化指标表现不佳,应成为今后石漠化防治的工作重点。

关键词: 光量子通量密度, 生态系统呼吸, 饱和水汽压差, 晴空指数, 净生态系统交换量

Abstract: Physical and chemical properties of soils at five stages in the process of karst rocky desertification in 2006-2013 were investigated with chronosequence method in karst plateaucanyon region in Guizhou. This work aims to study the spatial and temporal evolution of soil physicochemical properties, and provide a scientific basis for further control of rocky desertification. The results showed that controlling of karst rocky desertification had generally improved the soil physicochemical properties, such as capillary porosity, total porosity, field moisture capacity, capillary moisture capacity, saturated permeability, pH, total potassium content, available potassium content and total phosphorous content. As time went on, change trends of soil physicochemical properties were stable or fluctuant at early stage and became better subsequently, which appeared as a non-linear pattern. These changes illustrated that there was a lag-effect between the improvements of soil physicochemical properties and plant community structure and microclimate, and they were probably affected by the heavy drought in southwest China in 2009-2010. At the spatial scale, soil physicochemical properties in stage of no rocky desertification had the best performance, and there were no significant differences among the other four stages of rocky desertification. This study demonstrated that the differences of soil physicochemical properties among different stages of rocky desertification became indistinct after long-term control, while “space instead of time” method was inapplicable in the current work. The poor performance of soil properties in stages of potential and slight rock desertification suggested that more attention should be paid to these two stages in the future practice.

Key words: net ecosystem exchange, vapor pressure deficit, clearness index, photosynthetic photon flux density, ecosystem respiration.