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生态学杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (2): 412-426.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202102.033

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

亚龙湾珊瑚礁大型礁栖生物的群落结构及生态警示  

黄丁勇1,王建佳1,2,陈甘霖3,郑新庆1,2,4,5*   

  1. 1自然资源部第三海洋研究所, 福建厦门 361005;2福建省海洋生态保护与修复重点实验室, 福建厦门 361005;3福建海洋研究所, 福建厦门 361013;4漳州海岛海岸带野外科学观测研究站, 福建厦门 361005;5海峡西岸海岛海岸带生态系统野外科学观测研究站, 福建厦门 361005)
  • 出版日期:2021-02-10 发布日期:2021-07-09

Community structure and ecological warning of reef-associated fish and macrobenthos in the Yalong Bay.

HUANG Ding-yong1, WANG Jian-jia1,2, CHEN Gan-lin3, ZHENG Xin-qing1,2,4,5*#br#   

  1. (1Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China; 2Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China; 3Fujian Institute of Oceanography, Xiamen 361013, Fujian, China; 4Fujian Provincial station for Field Observation and Research of Island and Coastal Zone in Zhangzhou, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China; 5Observation and Research Station of Island and Coastal Ecosystem in the Western Taiwan Strait, MNR, P.R. China, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China).
  • Online:2021-02-10 Published:2021-07-09

摘要: 鱼类和大型底栖生物等礁栖生物是珊瑚礁生态系统的重要组成部分,其群落信息是全面评价珊瑚礁生态系统健康状况的必要基础数据。基于录像样带法,分析了2018年12月底海南省三亚市亚龙湾珊瑚礁区17个站位礁栖鱼类和大型底栖生物的群落结构、数量分布及相似性,揭示了其中的生态警示,并提出相应的监管建议,旨在保护和恢复亚龙湾的珊瑚礁。结果表明:亚龙湾西岸及东排、西排共发现鱼类8科21属35种,以雀鲷科、隆头鱼科为主,平均密度为0.20尾·m-2,金尾雀鲷、斑棘眶锯雀鲷和细鳞光鳃鱼为优势种;最近15年来,亚龙湾的鱼类资源持续衰退,目前已近于枯竭。另一方面,调查区的大型底栖生物以软珊瑚、大型底栖藻类、海百合和海胆为主,各类群的数量分布有所不同;造礁珊瑚的敌害生物小核果螺和长棘海星密度皆很低,目前尚不会对珊瑚礁构成威胁;整体而言,大型礁栖生物群落在亚龙湾西岸与东排、西排有较大的差异,间接反映出岛礁与岸礁环境存在差别,不过亚龙湾西岸湾口段的环境条件可能更接近岛礁;由于部分海区大型底栖藻类较多及可能存在的富营养化趋势,维持金尾雀鲷或其他植食性鱼类与藻类规模两者间的平衡,对恢复和保持亚龙湾珊瑚礁生态系统的健康尤为重要;同时,管控来自青梅河等的陆源污染,也是控制亚龙湾大型海藻增殖的关键;相比于海参,海百合对大型底栖藻类的依赖程度较低。调查区造礁珊瑚覆盖率与礁栖生物数量之间没有显著相关,可能与亚龙湾珊瑚礁退化严重及现存的种类以团块状造礁珊瑚为主,其构建的珊瑚礁生境空间异质性相对较低有关。为更好地保护亚龙湾的珊瑚礁,建议关注亚龙湾的水质,加强对捕鱼、潜水观光等旅游活动的监督管理,特别是应该立即实施长时间的渔业禁捕来恢复亚龙湾的渔业资源,并定期监控关键种群的数量变动。

关键词: 亚龙湾, 鱼类, 大型藻类, 群落结构, 生态平衡

Abstract: Reef-associated community such as fish and macrobenthos is an important component of coral reef ecosystems. The information of these communities is essential for a comprehensive assessment of the health status of coral reef ecosystems. Based on video transect method, a survey was conducted to investigate reef-associated fish and macrobenthos at 17 stations of coral reef area in the Yalong Bay, Sanya City, Hainan Province at the end of December 2018. We analyzed the community structure, quantitative distribution and similarity of the fish and macrobenthos, revealed the ecological warning, and put forward the corresponding regulatory suggestions, aiming at protecting and restoring the coral reefs in the Yalong Bay. A total of 35 species, 21 genera and 8 families, mainly composed of families Pomacentridae and Labridae, were recorded at the 12 stations of west bank of the Yalong Bay, Dongpai and Xipai reefs. The average density of fish was 0.20 ind·m-2. Pomacentrus chrysurus, Stegastes obreptus and Chromis lepidolepis were the dominant species. Fish resource in the Yalong Bay had been declining in the past 15 years and almost exhausted to date. On the other hand, macrobenthos were dominated by soft corals, benthic macroalgae, sea lilies and sea urchins. The quantitative distribution differed across various groups. The abundance of organisms harmful to hermatypic corals, Drupella and Acanthaster planci, were very low and fail to threat the corals. As a whole, the reef-associated fish and macrobenthos community at west bank of the Yalong Bay were quite different from those at Dongpai and Xipai reefs, reflecting differences in the environment features between the shore and offshore reefs. The environmental conditions at the west bank near the mouth of the Yalong Bay may be more similar to the offshore reefs. Due to the relatively higher abundance of benthic macroalgae and the possible eutrophication trend at some stations, keeping the balance between the population of damselfish or other herbivorous fishes and algae is particularly important for restoring and maintaining the health of reef ecosystem in the Yalong Bay. Meanwhile, management of terrigenous nutrients from Qingmei River and other sources was also the key to control the proliferation of macroalgae in the Yalong Bay. Compared with sea cucumber, crinoids were less dependent on benthic macroalgae. There was no significant correlation between hermatypic coral coverage and the quantity of reefassociated macro-organisms, probably due to the severe degradation of coral reefs in the Yalong Bay as well as the relatively low spatial heterogeneity of coral reefs mainly comprising by massive coral species. In order to better protect coral reefs of the Yalong Bay, more attention should be paid on the management of water quality of the Yalong Bay, and the supervision of fishing, diving and other tourism activities. It is necessary to implement a longterm fishing ban for restoration of fish resource immediately and perform a regular monitoring on the population changes of key species.

Key words: Yalong Bay, fish, macroalgae, community structure, ecological balance.