Table of Content

10 October 2001, Volume 20 Issue 05

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Manganese Cycling and Balance in Farmland Ecosystem of Jiang Han Plain in Hubei Province

Lin Kuangfei, Xiang Yaling, Jiang Dabing, Li Feng, Xu Xiaoqing

2001, (5):  1-4. 

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Eight cropping systems including wheat rice,rice rice,rapeseed soybean,rapeseed peanut,wheat sesame,wheat cotton,pepper cabbage,radish eggplant were conducted to study manganese cycling and balance in farmland ecosystem of Jiang Han Plain in Hubei province The results show that the main output of manganese was crop harvest,which accounted for 81.3%-95.8% of total,while field runoff and soil leaching of manganese were very little The main inputs were from organic fertilizer,rainfall and natural return,while inputs from inorganic fertilizer and seeds (seedlings) were very little The results show that the manganese balance were more positive in two patterns of rice and commercial vegetable ecosystems,and negative in upland field ecosystem without organic fertilizer input

Comparison of Numbers of Cotton Bollworm Moths Caught in Water Traps Baited with Pheromone vs Blacklight Traps

Sheng Chengfa, Xuan Weijian, Su Jianwei, Wang Hongtuo, Wang Dezhong

2001, (5):  5-7. 

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A comparison of moth catches of the cotton bollworm,Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner),in water tray traps(20～30×7～10cm) baited with synthetic sex pheromone vs blacklight traps (20w) was made at 3 locations in Shandong and Anhui Provinces,China in 1993 and 1996.The results show that male catches per trap per night in water traps were 4.18 and 2.49 times as many as that in blacklight traps at location 1 and 2,respectively Both the differences were statistically significant ( P< 0.05)However,at location 3 the mean catches in water traps were only 56% of that in blacklight traps but the difference was not significant ( P < 0.40)It is seemed that the catching efficiency of water traps decreased with season and might be lower than that of blacklight traps in August and SeptemberTherefore it is generally suitable to use the pheromone traps for monitoring of the bollworm population dynamics,especially during the overwintered and 1st generations (commonly during late April to early July in most China′s cotton areas)

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Wang Qiong, Su Zhixian, Song Huixing, Tang Zesheng

2001, (5):  8-11. 

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A Preliminary Study on the Biomass of Plant Community in Swidden Land after Slash and Burn in Xishangbanna

Shi Jipu, Tang Jianwei, Zhang Guangming, Bai Kunjia

2001, (5):  12-16. 

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The biomass and its allocation of a five years secondary forest which regenerated after slash and burn in Xishangbanna were estimated based on standard tree regression analysis (for tree )and clear cut method (for shrub、liana、herb and litter)The result shows that the total biomass was 40.6959 t·ha^-1 of which 30.37 t·ha^-1 are contributed by tree layer The biomass of shrub is 3.77 t·ha^-1 ,and of the liana and herb are 0.55 t·ha^-1 and 0.32 t·ha^-1 ,respectively The biomass of litterfall is 4.48 t·ha^-1 ,dead standing tree is 0.21 t·ha^-1 The optimum regression models of different dominant plants and organs of the sample trees of tree layer in the stands were built.

Water Environment Protection in Yangzhou Section of Yangtze River

Hua Yingchun, Chen Qin, Ren Xiaomei, Gao Rong

2001, (5):  16-18,21. 

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It is an urgent task at present to utilize resources of Yangtze River scientifically and reasonably and implement continuous development in the economic region along the riverThis paper makes a special research on the status and evolution trend of water environment in Yangzhou section of the Yangtze River and puts forward a measure concerned to bring it under control by total amount control,especially make a breakthrough on pollution analysis and control countermeasure for non point source based on a vast amount of monitoring data and basic material collectedThe evaluation and forecast methods,determination of patternin flow & water quality and design condition,calculation on pollution effect in key section and mixed area of blowoff port etcused in this paper have higher learning and practical valueIt is significant for the protection of water environment and ecological environment,and provides basis for the research on water environment protection of Yangtze River and inspiration for water quality protectionThis technology has good value in application and dissemination.

The Population Ecology of Leiocassis crassilabris in Leiocassis crassilabris in Middle Reaches of Yangtze River

Fang Jianping, Wu Zhonghua, Zhang Chunsong, Shi Zhanghong

2001, (5):  19-21. 

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Total of 107 Leiocassis crassilabris caught in Huangzhou along the Yangtze River from May to July 1999 were examined for infection by Leiocassis crassilabrisThe infection rate of the host was 84.1%The infection rate of the host with body Length 12.0-16.0cm was the highest,while no Leiocassis crassilabris was found in the host with body length above 28.0cm.The infection intensity of the host was 23.5.There was a negative correlation between body length and infection intensity of the hostr=-0.9043.Parasite population was mainly composed of parasites with length below 30 mmThe females were more than the males obviouslyDistribution of Leiocassis crassilabris was clumped in the host population.

Bioremediation of Petroleum Contaminated Soil Using Bio-Slurry Reactor Process

Zhang Hairong, Jiang Changliang, Zhao yan, Li Peijun, Xu Huaxia Yang Guifen

2001, (5):  22-24,31. 

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Bioremidiation possibility of soil contaminated by oil mud,and the optimization of the technological conditions for the bioremediation were studied using bioslurry reactor in pilot scale A group of microorgamism which are addicted to oil and rich in both amount and species in oil contaminated soil was discovered.Fusariumsp was screeded for its high crude oil degradation rate.Oil mud with high concentration of crude oil was mixed with clean soil in the ratio of 1∶1,and 10% complex organic fertilizer and inorganic nutrients in proper proportion were added before treatment Particularly,microbiological agent of indigenous superior strains for crude oil degradation was applied Other operative conditions of the reactor included 25℃ for temperature and intermittent venting After 75 days operation,the contents of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) in oil mud was decreased from 43.39 to 0.72g·kg^-1 The degradation rate of TPH reached 98.3% under optimal conditions.

Ecological Analysis and Classification of Forest Bird Communities at Xiaolongmen Beijing

Sun Xin, Wang Li

2001, (5):  25-31. 

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During 1992 to 1994,bird communities were investigatcd at Xiaolongmen forest area in Beijing,which includs 6 forest types and 7 altitude zonesTotally 69 birds (8 orders and 21 families) were recorded for 3842 timesThe Yellow bellied Tit ( Parus venustulus ) is the only dominant species in our study area,with the record times 13.12% of the totalBird community classification was based on fuzzy cluster analysisFour bird communities were classified according to the forest type:Ⅰmixing forest,Ⅱconifer forest,ⅢQuercus liaotungensis forest and IVshrublandAs for the altitude in our study area,which is from 1070m to 1763m,seven zones were dividedTwo main bird communities existⅤ1070～1450m and VI1450～1763mSpecies diversity and similarity indices of each bird community were calculatedThe results indicated that indices for group Ⅳ was the lowest with obvious independence,while other three forest bird communities (Ⅰ Ⅲ) were more stable,Group Ⅱ has the highest bird species diversity indices and most speciesAt Xiaolongmen forest,the most abundant bird area was the mixing forest at the altitude between 1070m to 1450m,with 67 birds recorded (97.10% of total bird species number)The birds around 1450m to 1763m were relatively less,with the species number and density 26.87% and 10.12% of the total,respectively.

Change on the Comosition and Distribution of Soil Arthropod Community before and afier Burning in the Secondary Forest of Xishuangbanna

Yang Xiaodong, Tang Yong, Tang Jianwei

2001, (5):  32-35. 

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The effects of controlled burning of slash and burn agriculture on soil arthropod community of a 7 year tropical secondary forest in Xishuangbanna were studiedThe results showed that groups of soil arthropod decreased 28.57%,and individuals of soil arthropod reduced 72.7% after burningThe composition of soil arthropod communities changed as wellThe proportion of individuals of Acari,Collembola,Protura in the 0～15cm soil layer and Hymenoptera (ant) in burned leftover increased,and became dominant groups of soil arthropod communities after firingThe vertical structure of soil arthropod communities in secondary forest was disorderedThere were much more groups and individuals of soil arthropod in soil bottom than those in soil surface after fireThe diversity of soil arthropod communities decreased after fire

The Characteristics of Soil in Natural Secondary Forest Conservation Area of Yingzui Mountain

Wu Jianping, Yuan Zhengke, Liang Wenbin

2001, (5):  36-38. 

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According to the studies on 22 samples of soil profile from the natural forest conservation area at Yingzui mountain,the characteristics of soil were describedResearch results indicated that the type of soil profile structure was A-B-C-D,and the soil development was successiveThe average contents of organic matter in the soil was 54.30g穔g ^-1 ,the ratio of C/N was 1093 and the bulk density was 125g穋m ^-3 the soil texture was heavy loam or light clayThe soil fertility was higher compared with the soil from natural forest conservation of ZhangJiajie mountain,which developed from the same parent material of silicon rocks as Yingzui areaThe forest soil of the area is typical in the subtropical natural forest.So it is valuable to be protected.

The Interaction Between the Vegetarian and the Plant

Wang Mengjun, Wan Xinrong, Zhong Wenqin

2001, (5):  39-43. 

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The foraging effect and the foraging-preference behavior of the vegetarian can influent the composition as well as the succession of the plant community And the plant community can also influence many affects of the vegetarian such as the physiology behavior population characteristic distribution the inter-species interaction and the composition of the animal community The relationship between the animal and the plant act as a important role in the structure and composition of the animal and plant communities.

Progress of Studies on Ecological Effects of Ecoestrogen

Bao Guozhang, Dong Deming, Li Xianglin, Bai Jingren, Shen Wanbin

2001, (5):  44-50. 

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There are currently 80 types of ecoestrogen proved,which can cause reproductive malfunction,cancer,malformation and abnormal behavior of animals and human beings while some ecoestrogen can interfere with more than one endocrine system or change the sex ratio and life cycle of certain animalsSome trace ecoestrogen can be accumulated to a concentration level hundreds of million times higher than that in the environmentThe injury of ecoestrogen could be different according to differences of genetics,time and geologyCompared with synthetic ecoestrogen,phytoestrogen can reduce the risk of reproductive cancers.

Environment Influence and Biological Effects in Sodic Salinization Soil under Irrigation Condition

Song Changchun, Wang Zhichun, Song Xinshan

2001, (5):  51-54. 

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In this paper,the chemical characteristics of sodic salinization soil and environmental influences of rootzone soil under different irrigation conditions are studied in western Jilin Province,and the obstacle effects of sodic salinization environment on vegetation growth are analysed Furthermore,excessive Na+ accumulation in paddy can antagonize the absorption of nourishment elements(Ca²,Mg²) and microelements(Zn,Cu),and the antagonism is obvious At last,it is concluded that physiological diseases of paddy have consanguineous relationships with the antagonism among different elements in paddyPrevention and cure measures on the physiological diseases of paddy are also proposed.

Advances in Urban Forest

Zhu Wenquan, He Xingyuan, Chen Wei

2001, (5):  55-59. 

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This paper gives definitions of urban forest and describes the research contents about this comprehensive subjectIt provides an overview of the past and current research on urban forest from three aspects:the analysis about the structure of urban forest,the ecological values,and the planning and management of urban forestThis paper also holds a discussion about the development on this important subjectIt includes urban forest and hydrology,urban forest and global climate change,analysis of urban rural ecotone interface,and the application of modern information technology in urban forest.

Review of Molecular Ecology and Evolution Research on Mangrove Plants

Zhang Junli, Wang Bosun, Wang Zhengfeng, Zhang Weiyin, Li Mingguang

2001, (5):  60-63. 

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This paper reviewed the population ecology and systematic researches using molecular markers and cytological methods in mangrove plants and looked forward to the further prospects of molecular ecology in mangrove conservation and management according to the research references in these fields: The molecular evolutionary evidence of some species in Rhizophoraceae using ITS,matK rbcL sequencing conformed to the morphological systematic relationship with much earlier differentiation time than that from fossil recordsThe mangrove species populations based on isoenzyme and RAPD analyses showed that the lower genetic diversity and higher differentiation in those pan-distributed species populations dealing with the continental driftThis indicated that the relatively fragile ecosystem of mangrove needed to be protected urgently from more human activities.

Gap Dynamics and the Maintenance of Biodiversity

Liang Xiaodong, Ye Wanhui, Yi Weimin

2001, (5):  64-68. 

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This paper reviewed the concept,formation and function of gap and developed a new concept,canopy riftIt refers to the small 1-25m ²rift in the canopy caused by the different distribution pattern of the canopy species or breakage,standing death and treefallCanopy gap,mainly caused by small scale disturbances including natural disturbance regime and human disturbance regime,is an important phase in the forest regeneration cycleIt plays a leading role in the formation and maintenance of the patches mosaic structure in a forest community Corresponding to the three phases of the forest regeneration cycle,patches can be classified into three types:gap phase,building phase and mature forestMany factors may contribute to the maintenance of biodiversityHere we divided them into ① intrinsic factors,mainly including the biological and ecological characteristics of the species and ② external factors,the heterogeneity of habitatThe formation of gaps leads to the diversification of micro environment,and changes the type and magnitude of understoryGap impacts the forest micro environment,community structure and dynamic processGap causes different status of renewal between pioneer species and climax species,and generates the patch which is the different in the constitute of woods,population dynamic and growing speedIt leads to the diversity of community difference and species component,which is the difference of species between community patchesGap is of great significance in enhancing and maintaining species diversity for it may enhance habitat heterogeneity.

Consideration on Ecology Relationship between Water and Villages in China

Wang Zhiping, Yang Jurong

2001, (5):  69-72. 

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Water is the fundamental resource of human subsistence and a natural factor with substantial influence on villagesBased on the investigation of traditional villages in China,this paper gives a consideration on ecology relationship between water and villages in ChinaSome aspects such as ancient Fengshui theory and village,rainfall and village,well and village,water road and village,inundation or water shortage and village ,and water and village distribution show the intensive relationship between water and traditional villages in china,the rationality of ecology,and the harmony of anthropo ecologyIt is necessary that village ecology is to be studied on accounto of its influences of urbanization and town construction.

Effects of Catalase Activities in the Liver of Boleophthalmus Pectinirostris with Benzo(a) Pyrene Exposure

Feng Tao, Zheng Weiyun, Chen Rong, Guo Xiangqun, Chen Rong

2001, (5):  73-75. 

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Changes of catalase(CAT) activities in the liver of Boleophthalmus pectinirostris with benzo(a)pyrene(BaP) exposure are detected in experimental condition The results show that there is no significant changes for CAT activities in control group and 005mg·L^-1 BaP group with prolonged exposure ( P > 0.05) whereas they are depressed significantly at concentration of 0.5mg·L^-1 ( P ≤0.05) In 3 days exposure CAT activities decrease significantly with the increase of BaP concentration ( P ≤0.05) This might indicate that exposure to higher BaP concentrations might have toxic effect to fishes The activities of CAT increase significantly to control level after BaP was removed It turned out that the physiological modulatary mechanism still existed in the liver of Boleophthalmus pectinirostris All the results show that CAT activity might be suitable to be the bioindicator of BaP exposure.

The Building Theory of Cultivated Plant Community

Du Xintian, Sun Dunxuan, Ma Xinming, Wang Tongchao

2001, (5):  76-80. 

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For the development of plant production we studied the stereoscopic cropping by means of investigation and experiment and systematically summarized its theory partThis paper advanced the principles and modes of plant population and commuity composition,generalized the principles and methods of dispasition of spatial and temperal structure,and provided the scientific basis for building the ecological enginearing of cultivated plant community.