Table of Content

10 December 2001, Volume 20 Issue 06

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The Distribution Characteristics of Soil Potassium(K) Availability and Its Correlation with Plant Species Diversity in Forest Ecosystem of MtJinyun

Yang Wanqin, Zhong Zhangcheng, Tao Jianping, Xu Xiangying

2001, (6):  1-3. 

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The distribution characteristics of soil available K and its correlations with plant species diversity in the forest ecosystem of Mt.Jinyun are studied in this paper.The results are as follows:①Except for shrub-grassland,the content of available K in soil profiles under different communities has an evident gradient,i.e.,A(humus horizon)>B(deposited horizon)>C(parent material horizon).②The content of available K in A and B horizons gradually increases along the successional direction,i.e.,shrub-grassland<Pinus massoniana pure forest<P.massoniana-Symplocos setchuensis mixed forest<evergreen broadleaved forest.This law does not exist in the C horizons.③Different degrees of correlations exist between the content of soil available K and plant species diversity.The correlation between species diversities of trees and grasses and the content of available K in A and B horizons is the most significant.

The Relationship between Precipitation,Crop Growth and Groundwater Dropping in the Piedmount Region of Taihang Mountain

Yang Yonghui, Hao Xiaohua, Cao Jiansheng, Zhang Xiying, Hu Haizhen

2001, (6):  4-7. 

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Analysis on the trends of groundwater level changes in the allusive plain of Taihang Mountain piedmount region suggested that:①the dropping-down of groundwater level was mainly caused by water use in wheat growing season,which is the dry season of the year.②The amount of precipitation in wheat growing season,corn growing season and the whole year are strongly correlated with the dropping-down of groundwater level in the corresponding period. Statistic analysis indicated that when precipitation increased by 100mm in wheat growing season,corn growing season and the whole year,the dropping-down of groundwater level decreased by 0.365m,0.436m and 0.56m respectively. The difference in different levels of dropping-down during different periods was possibly resulted from the difference in recharge of groundwater in different seasons and the effectiveness of rainfall for the crops.③The analysis also implied that the accelerated dropping-down of groundwater level was mainly caused by decrease of groundwater recharge. Before 1985,the groundwater level usually raised over 0.8m in contrast with less than 0.4m after 1986.④Compared to 1970s′,the amount of water use in wheat growing season could be decreasing suggested by a gradual decrease in groundwater dropping-down during this period. On the other hand,water use in corn growing season could be increasing.⑤Based on the analysis of groundwater level changes,it was suggested that,in order to keep the sustainable use of groundwater in this region,150 mm of irrigation has to be saved each year in the future. Considering an annual 250mm of soil evaporation was not used for crop growth and some results from water-saving experiments,to achieve this target is possible.

Female Reproduction and Influence of Incubation Temperature on Duration of Incubation and Hatchling Traits in the Gecko,Gekko Japonicus

Xu Xuefeng, Ji Xiang

2001, (6):  8-11. 

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Gekko japonicus is a multiple-clutched gecko,with females laying normally two and occasionally one rigid-shelled egg per clutch.No seasonal shifts in clutch mass and egg mass were found in this study,and both variables were positively correlated with maternal size (SVL).Eggs were incubated at five constant temperatures ranging from 24 to 32℃ to assess influence of incubation temperature on eggs and hatchlings.Incubation temperature significantly affected duration of incubation.The average duration of incubation at 24,26,28,30 and 32℃ was 81.4,62.5,52.6,44.7 and 39.5 d,respectively.Hatchlings from eggs incubated at 28℃ were slightly heavier in total dry mass than those from 24 and 26℃,and all other examined hatchling traits (SVL,TL,carcass,residual yolk,fat bodies,head size) did not differ among temperature treatments.Our data reveal that variation in incubation temperature over a wide range does not have important effects on body size and shape of G.japonicus hatchlings.

Ecological Characters of Soil Litter Decomposition in the Frigid Region of Northeastern China

Su Yongchun, Gou Yingbo

2001, (6):  12-15. 

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The litter decomposition is mainly from July to August in the frigid region of Northeastern China.The relationship between seasonal variation of soil litter and 19 ecological factors were studied by grey relation analysis.The primary and secondary factor influencing the decomposition of Litter were founded as Actinomycete, Cellulase, Moisture and Temperature.Then the grey model was established as:dX₁ (1)/dt-0.06680663X₁⁽¹⁾(t)=-0.5764525X₂⁽¹⁾(t)+ 5.15529X₃⁽¹⁾(t)-0.2459588X₄)⁽¹⁾(t)-1.142576X₅⁽¹⁾(t).

Analyses on the Dominant Index of Arthropod Community in Cotton Agroecosystem

Liu Xianghui, Ge Feng, Ding Yanqin, Pan Weidong

2001, (6):  16-19. 

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Based on the systematic investigation of arthropods in cotton agroecosystem,the dominant index of numbers and energy flow values in arthropod pest,predator and parasite sub-communities were analyzed in this papers.The different orders of dominant species were occurred on the dominant index of numbers and energy flow values.Furthermore,it is better to reflect the dominant species of agroecosystem by the evaluation of energy flow values than by numbers.

Experiment on the Law of upland Nutrient Leaching by Fertilizing at Different Doses

Song Yufang, Ren Liping, Xu Huaxia

2001, (6):  20-24. 

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In order to find out the effect of nutrient leaching on the environment caused by fertilizing, nutrient leaching experiment was designed with soil column in size of 1.0m in depth and 0.3m in diameter, planted with oats glass fertilized at different doses. The leaching water was sampled once a month to analyze the content of nutrient. Results indicated that nitrogen in the form of NH₄⁺-N changed with the dose of fertilizer and the seasons. The amount of nutrient leaching is positively related to the amount of urea applied. The amount of NO₃-N detected was generally much higher than that of NH₄⁺-N, which indicated that NO₃-N was the main part of nitration and leaching of nitrogen, and organic nitrogen has no relation with fertilizing. Results also indicated that fixition of phosphorus was a dynamic process, and fertilization could also result in the loss of phosphorus. Fertilizing influenced leaching of potassium. However, the amount of leaching is under the standards of national and OECD's drinking water. The experiment showed that rational application of fertilizer could result in less pollution of underground water by NO₃-N leaching.

Effects of Soil Biological Properties on Thickness Growth of Phyllostachys Pubescens

Jiang Peikun, Xu Qiufang

2001, (6):  25-28,40. 

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To get some knowledge about the relationship between soil biological properties and thickress-growth of bamboo,23 plots with different productivity were selected for investigating eye-high diameter(D.E.H.) and analyzing soil samples.D.E.H. has a close relationship with the number of soil bacteria(X₁),actinomyces(X₂),fungi(X₃),activities of hydrogen peroxidase(X₄),urease(X₅),protease(X₆), and phosphatase(X₇),with correlation coefficients at 0.941^**,0.432^*, 0.682^**,0.751^**,0.768^**,0.899^** and 0.914^**,respectively.Sucrase activity(X₈) is not well related to D.E.H.The mulitiple liner regression equation is:y=2.3064+8.8954?10^-7X₁+1.8356?10^-7X₂+6.8422?10 -6X₃- 0.6099X₄-1.101X₅+6.225X₆+0.05088X₇+0.0571X₈.The multiple correlation coefficient (R=0.96) reached significent level(a=0.001).For fractional correlation coefficients,only bacteria number and protease activity (0.591 and 0.442) reached an evident level. It indicates that bacteria number and protease activity are the major factors to affect thickness-growth of bamboo.The stepwise regression equation,y=4.2026+8.827?10 ^-7X₁+7.368X₆ with multiple correlation coefficient 0.9596 and fractional correlation coefficients r(y,X₁)=0.7676,r(y,X₆)=0.5569,makes further support to the above result deduced from multiple linear regression.The 23 plots can be divided into three types by cluster analysis according to soil biological properties:high-yield,middle-yield and low-yield with the percentage of 34.8,47.8 and 17.4,respectively.The average D.E.H is 10.6,9.1 and 6.6 centmeters, respectively.

Ecological Studies on Zooplankton in the Xixi River,Hangzhou

Li Gongguo, Hu Tianyun, Wu Jie

2001, (6):  29-31. 

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Zooplankton ecolgy,including species composition,population dynamics and biomass,was studied in the Xixi river,Hangzhou During one year study,137 species (42 Protozoa,63 Rotifera,22 Cladocera and 10 Copepoda)were found. Annual average density of zooplankton were 809 ind稬^-1,with biomass 1.425 mg稬^-1,diversity index 2.87.Cladocera biomass had a positive linear relationship with water depth, chlorophyll a and NO₃-N content.Water pollution was amplified gradually down stream in the Xixi river.

The Optimal Structure of Land Resources Utilization in Villages and Small Towns

Zhang Yufeng, Bai Zhiming, Yang Wude, Zhou Naijian

2001, (6):  32-35. 

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A model was estabhished for the optimal utilization structure of land resources in Haobei town,Yushe county,Shanxi province.In this model,the resources are taken as variables while the developmen of forestry and animal husbandry, conservation of soil and water,improvement of ecological environment, increment of cultivated area and improvement of plough quality are taken as purposes.The results show that after the optimal programming the land resources can produce the best economic,ecological and social benefit.

The Advance of Plant Flavonoids of Anti-UV-B Radiation Research

Li Peng, Li Qifu, Huang Yinyi, Huang Ruduo

2001, (6):  36-40. 

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Flavonoids have many biological functions.The research methods of their anti-UV are developed from the standards of biological individual and apparatus to the research of molecular synthesis.Their anti-UV mechanism may be through the elimination of oxygen free radicals or the absorbent of UV.Great attention should be paid to protective flavonoids.

The General Characteristics of the Coral Reef Ecosystem

Wang Lirong, Zhao Huanting

2001, (6):  41-45. 

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Though coral reef is one of the most highly productive and species rich types of ecosystem on the whole planet, it is also a fragile ecosystem susceptible to the change of its environment. In this paper the concept, type and distribution of the coral reef ecosystem are introduced in brief and its structure and functions are quantitatively described.Finally,the ecological stresses from nature and human are analized and related strategies of the conservation and management are proposed.

Applying Vegetation Index in the Mapping of NPP Pattern along the NSTEC

Qian Junping, Li Yan, Liao Qifang, Liao Shengdong

2001, (6):  46-49,77. 

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The north-south transect of tastern China (NSTEC) was a typical ecologcal region which was mostly driven by heat and varied with its vegetation along with latitude.In-depth knowing of the NSTEC will enhance our understanding of global change along with global warming.In this paper,NOAA-AVHRR data was used to get the vegetation index across the NSTEC.Then a regression model was built to get the Net Primary Productivity (NPP) from it.Since the research area covered from 118癊 to 128癊,40癗 to 50癗,and from 108癊 to 118癊,17.5癗 to 40癗,to precisely acquire the NPP distribution pattern of the whole area,different vegetation indices were compared according to different land surface.Then three regression models were deduced for NPP.Finally,a NPP adjusting scheme was used to get a general NPP distribution map from the three regression results.The achievements well reflect the distribution character of NPP along the NSTEC and would support further analysis and simulation in land ecology system study and global change research.

The Development and Management of Canada′s National Parks and Its Implication in China

Liu Hongyan

2001, (6):  50-55. 

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This paper introduces the history and management strategies of national parks in Canada.With the rapid development of nature reserves,scenic spots and forestry parks in China during the recent years,some negative efforts have been brought about due to improper human uses.In light of the Canadian experiences in national parks′ establishment and management,several suggestions have been put forward for the managers of China′s parks and protected areas.

Effect of Rodents on Seed Dispersal

Lu Changhu

2001, (6):  56-58. 

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Hoarding behavior of rodents includes larder and scatter-hoarding.The latter which caches a lot of seeds under ground in a wide area may has an effect on seed dispersal.Rodents usually cache seeds between the seed resource and home range.Seeds are transported only several tens of meters,with one or several seeds in one cache.Although rodents cache a lot of seeds,the post-dispersal predation rate is high and only a few of them remained.Micro-habitat of caches are often adapted to the germination of seeds.Trees with large seeds such as nuts and pine nuts are mainly dependent on the caching dispersal.Caching dispersal may help the seeds to escape heavy predation under mother tree,to colonize new place,and to arrive the habitat where they can germinate.

Greenway and its Ecological Functions

Li Tuansheng, Wang Ping

2001, (6):  59-61,64. 

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Greenways are green landscape corridors which often apear along roads,mountain ridges,railroads,gas,water and power lines. They connect the fragmented landscapes and play a significant role in ecological protection .Three distinct stages or "generation"can be identified in the emergence and evolution of greenways.

Phosphobacteria Distribution in Rhizophere and Nonrhizosphere Soil of Corn

Zhao Xiaorong, Lin Qimei, Sun Yanxin, Zhang Youshan, Zhang Meiqing

2001, (6):  62-64. 

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Rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils were sampled from corn field at harvest time.Total number and genus of the bacteria mineralizing lecithin or dissolving phosphate were measured.It was found that the number of either organic or inorganic phosphobacteria in the rhizosphere soil was 10 to 20 times higher than those in the nonrhizosphere soil.The community structure was much more complicated in the rhizosphere than in the nonrhizosphere.Pseudomonas and Flavobacteria were advantageous orgainc phosphobacteria in the rhizosphere, but Erwinia for inorganinc phosphobacteria.In nonrhizosphere, most of organic phosphobacteria were Bacillus. However, no advantageous genus of inorganic phosphobacteria were found in the nonrhizosphere soil.

Biological Habit of Desert Hamster in the Hunshandake Desert in Inner Mongolia

Wang Guanghe, Zhong Wenqin, Wan Xinrong

2001, (6):  65-67. 

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The biology of desert hamster was studied in Hunshandake desert in Inner Mongolia.Results revealed that the breeding duration of this species is from April to October.The average litter size of desert hamster is about 6.7,with 3 and 10 litters as extremes.The birth weight of desert hamster is about 0.7～0.8 gram.Juveniles reach a steady body mass at the age about 2-month-old.The growth course can be fitted by a sigmoidal curve.The main diet of desert hamster is seeds (70～90%) and insects or worms (10%～30%) in the Hunshandake desert.

Primary Study on Reproductive Strategies of Kobresia Humilis Population in Alpine Meadow

Deng Zifa, Xie Xiaoling, Zhou Xingmin

2001, (6):  68-70. 

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This paper studied the reproductive strategies of Kobresia humilis in alpine meadow about its sexual reproduction,vegetative reproduction and reproductive efforts respectively.The results show that the seed output of Kobresia humilis is 715.5 per unit(m²).The germination is above 60% in fit condition,while only about 3% in field.There is only 16.13% seed which get into seed bank and remain vitality till grass greening.So the seedling is only 3.46 per unit(m²) in field.But the new ramets of Kobresia humilis are 711.34 unit(m²) from vegetative reproduction.In addition,vegetative reproductive effort is more than sexual reproductive effort. It constitutes 93.5% of all reproductive efforts.Therefore,the main reproductive strategy of Kobresia humilis is vegetative reproduction,and sexual reproduction is secondary in alpine condition.

Preliminary Discussion on Evaluation of Eco-Environment Construction in Arid Area of Northwest China

Yang Chuanping

2001, (6):  71-74. 

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The concept of "beautiful mountains and valleys" is proposed in the paper as well as its evaluation index system. Further more, preliminary discussion is made on the evaluation of eco-environment construction in the arid area of Northwestern China. The concept is put forward in view of the severe desertification in Northwestern China and needs the establishment of an integrated ecosystem to be realized. The maintenance and balance of the ecosystem should be achieved by biological measures. The integrated forestry ecosystem is the final goal of "beautiful mountains and valleys", which can be reached through long-term development and construction. The semi-integrated forestry ecosystem is a temperary goal of "beautiful mountains and valleys", which also needs a long time to realize. Followings suggestions are proposed based on the construction of semi-integrated forestry ecosystem: partition of natural geo-region in the arid area of Northwestnre China; partition of unit for evaluating the forestry ecosystem; setting up principles and requirements for the evaluation index system; selecting indexes for forestry eco-environment evaluatian; determination of index weights; thoughts and establishing methods for forestry ecosystem evaluation.

Research on the Ecological Environment Monitoing

Ge Chengxuan, Yang Qin, Liu Xiaoqiang

2001, (6):  75-77. 

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Eco-monitoring is the technique sustaining and assuring system for ecological construction. This paper exploits a constructive way on the ecological environment monitoring based on the research on its type designated, index determined, method chosen, program drawn up, monitor instrument determined ,and data handled, including the network establishment of the ecological environment monitoring and the research achievement popularization system.