Table of Content

10 August 2001, Volume 20 Issue 04

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Nutrient Structure of Several Man-Made Forests in Tropics and Subtropics of China

Li Zhian, Peng Shaolin

2001, (4):  1-4,27. 

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The nutrient content in five forests including Acacia mangium,A.auriculaeformis,Eucalyptus citriodora,Pinus elliotii and Schima superba were studied.The branch and root of different diameter,leaf,trunk and bark were sampled.N,P,K,Na,Ca,Mg,Fe and Mn were analysed.The results showed that the nutrient content had a opposiee relationship with diameter of branch and root.The nutrient content followed a pattern of leaf>branch>root.Very low level of sodium was detected for organs of S.superba and P.Elliotii except for root.The five forests had rather different nutrient contents,though,as legume species,A.mangium and A.auriculaeformis were similar in some elements,especially in N content.

Study on Characteristics of Enzyme Activities in Wheat Rhizosphere and Non-Rhizosphere Soils Polluted by Zinc Smeltery

Chang Xuexiu, Wen Chuanhao, Shen Qirong, Wang Huanxiao

2001, (4):  5-8. 

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The paper deals mainly with the difference of activities of five enzymes (hydrogen peroxidase,pyrogallic oxidase,invertase,urease and protease) in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil from zinc smeltery polluted and control (CK) wheat lands.At the same time,the pH and different forms of elements such as N,P,K,Pb,Cd,Zn,Fe,Mn,Cu are determined.From the result,we can see that:① The pH of soil from polluted rhizosphere is higher than that of from polluted non-rhizosphere.The pH of soil from CK rhizosphere is nearly equal to that of from CK non-rhizosphere.There are same variation tendency of N,P,K between polluted soil and CK soil:The concentrations of available N and K are equal statisticly,but the concentration of available P of rhizosphere is dramaticlly higher than that of non-rhizosphere;② The main heavy metal element of polluted soil is Pb;③ The activities of five enzymes in rhizosphere soil are higher than those of non-rhizosphere soil.The difference between rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil enzyme activities of CK soil is bigger than that of polluted soil.This result indicates that the polluted wheat roots have a smaller rhizosphere effect;④Except of the protease,the rhizosphere soil enzyme activities of zinc smeltery polluted wheat lands are significantly higher than those of CK lands.The result indicates there are inhibitors can inhibit hydrogen peroxidase,pyrogallic oxidase,invertase,urease and activators can activate protease.So the soil enzyme activities can be used as indicators of soil pollution situation only when the enzymes are sensitive on certain pollutants.

Diversity of Forest Landscape in Guangzhou Area

Guan Dongsheng, Zhong Xiaoyan, Zheng Shuying

2001, (4):  9-12. 

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The indexes of diversity,dominance,evenness,contagion,isolation,fractal dimension,patch density,landscape fragment of inner habitat area are used to study diversity of type,pattern and patch of forest landscape in Guangzhou area.The results show that:the pine forest is outstanding and orchard developed very quickly in Guangzhou area.Mean patch areas are large,patch density indexes are low and isolation indexes are small in pine forest and evergreen broad-leaf forest.In contrast,the patch areas are small, density indexes and isolation indexes are high in orchard,bamboo forest and China fir forest.Diversity index of forest landscape types in Guangzhou area is a little less than thatin Fujian Province.Above forest landscape characteristics in Guangzhou area is highly relative to human activity.

The Effects of Water Temperature and DO on the Respiratory Rates of Immature Fugu Obscurus

Shen Xuming, Zhao Qingliang

2001, (4):  13-15. 

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The rates of respiration of immature Fugu obscurus were measured in freshwater under conditions of different water temperature and DO.The results show that the variations of water temperature and DO can both cause the relative changes of respiratory rate.The water temperature become a major factor affecting the rates of respiration when DO saturation≥65%,and water temperature ranges between 10～32℃.The higher the temperature,the faster breathing is.The rates of respiration change from 47times·min^-1to 177times·min^-1with temperature rising from 10℃ to 32℃.The variations of the respiratory rates are also corresponding to the changes of water DO.The rate of respiration change from 120times·min^-1to 177timese·min^-1at water temperature 22℃,and from 125·min^-1to 180·min^-1at 24℃ respectively. When the amount of water DO declines from 8～2.1mg·min^-1L^-1.Inaddition,the movement of immature Fugu obscurus appear obviously weak,slowly moving,or motionlessly staying at the bottom of aquarium.Then a pre-suffocative reaction occurs when the DO decreases continuously to less than 2.1mg·L^-1at the temperature 22℃ and 24℃.

Biodegradation of Petroleum Polluted Soil

Ding Keqiang, Zheng Zhaopei, Sun Tieheng, Zhang Hairong

2001, (4):  16-18. 

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Biodeyradation has the characteristics of simple operation,low cost,and easy application.In this research,two fungus were chosen to degrade the oil in polluted soil in laboratory and fields.In the laboratory culture test with temperature controlled,the rate of oil degradation by native fungi (F) and foreign fungi (P) are 61.8% and 66.1% respectively after 50 days.In the field test the rate of oil degradation by native fungi (F) and foreign fungi (P) are 59.8% and 70.1% respectively after 150 days.

Effects of Aquatic Vegetation Restoration on Nitrogen in Large-Scale Enclosure and Fence in the East Lake of Wuhan

Ma Jianmin, Yan Guoan, Li Yijian, Zhang Jiayao

2001, (4):  19-23. 

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This paper studied B (biomass of aquatic vascular plants) and N chemical compounds in two large-scale enclosures and one fence in East Lake of Wuhan from July,1993 to February,1995.B was highly negatively related to the concentration of NO₃-N in water.The concentration of TN in water obviously decreased when aquatic vascular plants grew well.The concentration of NO₃-N decrease was the major reason that leading to the decrease of TN concentration in water.Percentage of IN was obviously lower than that of ON.The concentration of IN was closely related to aquatic plants growth.The B in the enclosures was obviously higher than that in The control's.The concentrations of NO₃-N,IN,and TN in the enclosures were obviously lower than those in the control's.The concentrations of NH₄-N,NO₂-N and ON in the enclosures were not obviously different from thosein the control′s.

The Distribution of Soil Available Phosphorus and its Correlations with Plant Species Diversity in the Forest of MtJinyun

Yang Wanqin, Zhong Zhangcheng, Tao Jianping

2001, (4):  24-27. 

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Distribution characteristics of soil phosphorus availability and its correlations with plant species diversity in the forest ecosystem of Mt.Jinyun are studied in this paper.The results are as follows:①Available P of soil profile in different communities has an evident gradient,i.e.,A(humus layer)>B(deposition layer)>C(parent material layer).②Except for shrub-grassland,soil available P content orderly increases along the successional directions,i.e.,Pinus massoniana forest<P.massonia-Symplocos setchuensis mixed forest<evergreen broadleaved forest.③Different degree's of correlations exist between soil available P and plant species diversity.The correlation between tree diversity and available P content of A and B layers is very significant.

Agricultrural Andscape Change Pattern in Daka Village, Xishuangbanna

Fu Yongneng, Chen Aiguo, Guo Huijun, Cui Jingyun

2001, (4):  28-31. 

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This paper deals with variation of agrolandscape pattern in Daka village,Xishuangbanna,China with following indices:① number and size of patches,② indices of patch isolation and fragmentation,③ indices of landscape diversity,dominance,and evenness,④ landscape coefficient.The result showed that the mean patch size of forest and grassland community decreased while that of the cash crop garden increased.The indices of isolation for forest and cash crop garden community increased decreaged while that for the grassland decreased.Correspondingly,the index of landscape dominance decreased while the diversity and evenness increased from 1.4173 and 0.6450 to 1.4595 and 0.6642 repectively.The land utilization coefficient index increased from 191.4 to 238.3 throughout after 14 years.

Breeding Ecology of Blackbird

Zhou Lizi, Song Yujun, Ma Yong

2001, (4):  32-34. 

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This paper reports breeding ecology of Blackbird(Turdus merula mandarinus) in Feixi County,Anhui Province from March to July of 1996.The bird nested in resident quarters earlier than in forests.In the case of breeding in forests,they neted on the trees at the edge of forests near pond.They were compatible with large birds such as heons.The parent-birds attacked violently anyone who contacted their young birds.There were only a few nestlings growing up to leave their nests.Survval rate was determined mainly by weather.The equation of the growth of body weight was W=77.3/[1+e^{-0.472(t-6.4)}].Compared with the other passerines,such as Blue-winged Pitta and Red-rumped Swallow,nestlings of Blackbird grew up rapidly,leaving their nest with lighter body mass.For the first time,Cuckoo was found laying egg in the nest of Blackbird in China.

Competition Relationship among Tree Species in Broad-Leaved Korean Pine Mixed Forest and its Significance for Managing the Forest

Zou Chunjing, Han Shijie, Zhang Junhui

2001, (4):  35-38. 

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According to field investigation data,the intraspecific competition and interspecific competition of Pinus koraiensis in broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest in Changbai Mountains were studied by using Hegyi's competition index model for individual tree.The results showed that intraspecific competition intensity of Pinus koraiensis reduced with increase of diameter scale of trees.The order of competition intensity is:Pinus koraiensis-Fraxinus mandshurica>Pinus koraiensis-Quercus mongolica>Pinus koraiensis-Pinus koraiensis>Pinus koraiensis-Tilia amurensis>Pinus koraiensis-Acer mono>Pinus koraiensis-Tilia mandshurica>Pinus koraiensis-Acer mandshurica.The relationship between competition intensity and individual size of objective tree follows closely the equation CI =AD-B.Based on the relationship,competition intensity in the forest is simulated.At the same time,some conclusions and suggestions are proposed.It is proved that Hegyi′s competition model for individual tree can provide quantitative index for study on intraspecific and interspecific relationship in plant population ecology.

The Strategy for Ecological Relocation Environment in Western China Development

Duan Hanming, Li Chuanbin

2001, (4):  39-41. 

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Through the analysis of the developing course of our country's environment protection system and law system,we insist that the restoration of ecological environment in Western China is a course,which is closely related to natural conditions,social environment,and engineering, and technological system.The system innovation plays a more extensive and positive role in this process.In this paper the measures and systems of the ecological environment restoration in the west of China are considered.

The Tradition and its Changes of Natural Resources Use in A Dai Village in Xishuangbanna

Liu Linyun, Wu Zhaolu, Xu Hailong

2001, (4):  42-45. 

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It was studied the traditions and changes of natural resources utilization in A Dai village in Xishuangbanna China.① The Dai people in Mandan village suffered seriously from the establishment of reservoir and nature reserve but they harmonized with the nature and found the suitable approaches to develop.② They planted cash plants in the fallow fields,protected natural forests to develop medicine plants(Amomum villusa),promoted their traditional pickled fish,and cultivated winter crops on flood areas of the reservoir during dry seasons,making the forest conservation and economic sustainable development be possible.③ The gentle and beautiful environment and honest folk customs benefited the villagers by the development of rural eco-tourism besides their traditional cultivation and collection.④ The authors finally suggested that the great attentions should pay to the traditional styles of natural resources use and the key roles of indigenous people when policies for development and conservation were been making.

Methodology and Practice in Building Watershed Management System for Surface Water Quality

Lin Qiuqi, Duan Shunshan, Han Boping

2001, (4):  46-51. 

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Watershed ecosystems are watershed-scale ecosystems that can be divided into two subsystems:land ecosystems and aquatic ecosystems.These two systems interact tightly through hydrology cycle.Aquatic ecosystems obtain water with nutrients from land ecosystems through hydrology cycle in watersheds.Aquatic ecosystems are often damaged by nonpoint source and point source pollution from land ecosystems.Nonpoint source pollution occurs coupling with watershed runoff,and it contributes a significant portion of all pollutants entering surface waters.Watershed-based water quality management must be taken into consideration and a tool is demanded to assess the impact of management on water supplies and nonpoint source pollution in watersheds and river basins.This paper introduces the methodology and practice in building watershed-based systems for integrated management of surface water quality.The general components of the systems comprise mathematics simulation models,GIS and aquatic ecosystem assessment system.All components are imbedded in an integrated structure that takes advantage of the GIS's open architecture.Four major processes are modeled in management systems:hydrology cycle,soil erosion process and transport of nutrients and dynamics of water quality in water bodies.Aquatic ecosystem assessment is suggested to be taken into consideration in all of the further development of management systems,for natural and anthropogenic disturbances that occur in watersheds not only impact surface water quality,but whole aquatic ecosystems as well.

The Colonic Separation Mechanism and Corprophagy in Small Herbivores

Pei Yanxin, Wang Dehua

2001, (4):  52-54,64. 

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Small herbivores showed different digestive strategies from large herbivores because of their high metabolic rate.Colonic separation mechanism (CSM) and corprophagy are important aspects in their digestive strategies.This paper reviews the research development in this field.

A Review on the Species Diversity of Plant Community

Wang Dianpei, Ji Shuyi, Chen Feipeng

2001, (4):  55-60. 

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The study achievements on the species diversity of plant community were summarized, which included the diversity study methods, the mechanism of origin and sustain of diversity, the environmental and biological factors affecting the diversity changes, the ecological impact of diversity changes.

Functional Redundancy of Gene

Cai Kunzheng, Duan Shunshan

2001, (4):  61-64. 

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The redundancy of crop growth and development and eukaryyotic genome including highly repeated DNA sequences show that gene has functional redundancy.The function and role of repetitive DNA are discussed in this paper.Living organisms have redundancy at different levels:organ, individual, population, community, ecosystem,as well as at the molecular level. Redundancy is a strategy for living organisms to reduce the negative influence of external conditions.

The Niche Characteristics of Endangered Plant Paeonia Suffruticosa varSpontanea

Wang Lin, Zhang Jintun

2001, (4):  65-69. 

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The paper studied the niche features of dominant species in the communities of Paeonia suffruticosa var.spontanea using methads of Levins,Shaanon-Wiener coefficient of niche breadth and Petraitis coefficient of niche overlap,in the area of Majiagou,Jishan,Shanxi province;Shuiyukou,Yongji,Shanxi province;Wanhuashan,Yanan,Shaanxi province,Erxianqiao,Huayin,Shaanxi province.It is concluded that the niche breadth of Paeonia suffruticosa var.spontanea and other dominant species vary with the change of ecological factors,such as water conditions in soil,temperature,elevation and light.Water condition is the main ecological factor which affects the niche breadth.Paeonia suffruticosa var.spontanea and other 13 dominant species appear a certain niche overlap in the six communities.

Niche of Monogeneans on Gills of Culterchthys Erythropterus

Yao Weijian

2001, (4):  70-71. 

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The niche of the monogeneans,Dactylogyrus chenminjungae,D.curvicirrus and D.montshadskyi parasitic on gills of Culterichthys erythropterus, from Honghu Lake in Hubei province has been studied.The number of D.chenminjungae decreases successively from outer gill arch to inner gill arch.But there is no significant difference in intensity between the first gill and the second gill arch.No preference to gill arches of D.curvicirrus and D.montschadskyi has been observed.Spatial distribution patterns of the parasites indicate the effects of physical and chemical factors in microhabitat,the motility of individuals,intensity,reproductive strategy,and interspecific relationship.The niche breadth exends as the intensity increases.

Seasonal Changes of Food Habits in Striped Hamster(Cricetulus Barabensis)in Kubuqi Desert,Inner Mongolia

Bao Weidong, Wang Dehua, Wang Zuwang

2001, (4):  72-73. 

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This study was carried out to reveal the seasonal dietary variation of striped hamster (Cricetulus barabensis ) in Kubuqi desert of Ordos semi-arid environment in 1996.The food composition was determined by checking stomach and pouch contents.The results showed that striped hamster ate more insects and seeds than other foods in spring.The food habit changed to plant leaves and seeds in summer.In autumn the food content was mainly seeds.The animal chose perennial and annual seeds alternatively between summer and autumn.This indicated that the food habit was modified by the availability of food resources and animals'need for water and energy in this arid environment.

Micronucleus Test in Vicia Faba Root Tip Cell to Inspect the Water Quality of Qingyi River in Wuhu City

Wang Youbao, Liu Dengyi

2001, (4):  74-76. 

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The micronucleus test in Vicia faba root tip cell was uset to inspects the water quality of QY river in Wuhu city in this paper.The results show significant difference among 7 sections and the PI of sections 53-7 were over 3.This suggests that the water quality of Qingyi river in Wuhu city was party polluted to different degrees.

Estimating the Non-Feeding Grass Consumption of Brandts Vole

Wan Xinrong, Wang Guanghe, Zhong Wenqin

2001, (4):  77-78,76. 

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By analyzing the field population of Brandt's vole,it reveals that the daily non-feeding grass consumption is about 2.81g (in dry) or 7.22g (in fresh) per vole.There is about 11 percent of the gnawed grass will be re-utilized by the vole within 24 hours.The non-feeding grass consumption of this species is much more lower than its daily food consumption.

A Reivew on Disastrous Weathers for Citruses and Precautionary Measures

Zhang Mingfu

2001, (4):  79-80. 

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Disastrous weathers for citruses have been hunting Shunchang County and surrounding areas since 1970s,such as the periodic freezing disaster every 9-10 years;the extraordinarily high temperature in early May every 2 or 3 years,with plenty of young fruits falling off;the occasional long-lasting rain coupled with suitable temperature for scab disease breaking out;and the almost annual high temperature and drought in August and September.This paper reviewed these weather disasters and proposed precautionary measures for then.